Upwelling-driven vertical segregation of co-occurring phytoplankton, including HAB species, revealed by niche analyses

Recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium minutum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Dinophysis acuminata, impact the European shellfish industry. In temperate latitude embayments with spring-summer upwelling, reset phytoplankton mini-successions develop during short-term (a few days) wind-driven events intersp...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Velasco-Senovilla, Esther, Reguera Ramírez, Beatriz, Sourisseau, Marc, Mouriño-Carballido, Beatriz, Nogueira, Enrique
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2026
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::33bb396a7fec80a623d6fc82b626809e
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/425842
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105029517978
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Phytoplankton assembly
Toxic HABs
Subniche
Upwelling cycles
OMI and WitOMI analyses
Alexandrium minutum
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Description
Summary:Recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium minutum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Dinophysis acuminata, impact the European shellfish industry. In temperate latitude embayments with spring-summer upwelling, reset phytoplankton mini-successions develop during short-term (a few days) wind-driven events interspersed by relaxation or downwelling. High resolution observations were made at a reference station during cruise “REMEDIOS-TLP”, 2–14 July 2018 to explore assembly dynamics (cluster analysis) and niche structuring (OMI and WitOMI) processes during a relaxation-upwelling event. A well-mixed “Relaxation habitat” (H1) co-occurred with a shallow warmer and fresher “TS stratified surface layer” (H2) (site of Alexandrium cell maximum) from the confined water mass on the shoreward side of the downwelling front. These two habitats preceded a new upwelling pulse of cold nutrient rich waters which raised the Chl-a rich waters and entrained populations of Pseudo-nitzschia through the new “Bottom upwelled water” (H4). Diatoms (central to pennate and back to central) peaked during spin up and spin down phases within the “Upwelling pycnocline” (H3), site of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCML), and a short-lived thin layer (TLP). Leptocylindrus minimus, suspected threat to caged salmon in Canada and Chile, thrived at the “upwelling diatom bloom maximum” phase but spring 2018 anomalies excluded optimal environmental windows for D. acuminata development. Isolated patches of Dinophysis revealed decimetre-scale niche segregation with Alexandrium populations. Detailed biological parameterization presented here will contribute to improve prediction of assemblages and processes which favour harmful algal blooms.