Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species

The intraspecific trait variations in the reproductive structures and early growth of seedlings may be critical in determining further regeneration. However, modularly built organisms, such as trees, challenge our notion of the phenotype concept, as the arrays of nonidentical homologous organs, such...

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Autores: Trujillo-Ríos, María, Gazol Burgos, Antonio, Seco, José I., Linares, Juan Carlos
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/379519
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379519
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Seed mass
Cone scale
Conifer
Developmental instability
Seedling performance
Maternal effects
Abies marocana
Cedrus atlantica
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spelling Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir SpeciesTrujillo-Ríos, MaríaGazol Burgos, AntonioSeco, José I.Linares, Juan CarlosSeed massCone scaleConiferDevelopmental instabilitySeedling performanceMaternal effectsAbies marocanaCedrus atlanticaThe intraspecific trait variations in the reproductive structures and early growth of seedlings may be critical in determining further regeneration. However, modularly built organisms, such as trees, challenge our notion of the phenotype concept, as the arrays of nonidentical homologous organs, such as seed-bearing cone scales and seeds, depending on the individual capacity to produce phenotypically variable arrangements, but they also reflect abiotic selective effects. We investigated the variability in cone scale morphology, seed traits, and germination dynamics in coexisting fir (Abies marocana) and cedar (Cedrus atlantica) trees from northern Morocco. We quantified the degree of trait overlap in two co-occurring populations of both species, as a measure of population/species functional similarity. Cone scale size and seedling growth rate were species-dependent traits, as 70%–80% of the variance was explained by the species, while only 0%–2% was explained by the population. Conversely, seed weight was a tree-dependent trait, as 70% of the variation was observed among trees, while the species only explained 20% of the variation, and the contribution of the population was negligible. Species and populations showed the same characteristics in the correlations between variables, supporting different magnitudes but a constant relationship. Substantial variations in seed weight and early seedling growth occur concurrently among cones of a single tree, independently of the tree species or population. Further studies should consider both phenotype selection and inheritance of traits’ variance on the establishment, survival, and growth of seedlings in A. marocana and C. atlantica in nurseries and reforestation sites to improve adaptive capacity to changing environmental conditions.This research was funded by Junta de Andalucía, grant number PAIDI, P18-RT-1170, and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant numbers TED2021-129770B-C22, and PID2021-123675OB-C44.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteJunta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Gazol Burgos, Antonio [0000-0001-5902-9543]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2025202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/379519reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/TED2021-129770B-C22/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123675OB-C44The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020252https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020252Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3795192026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
title Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
spellingShingle Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
Trujillo-Ríos, María
Seed mass
Cone scale
Conifer
Developmental instability
Seedling performance
Maternal effects
Abies marocana
Cedrus atlantica
title_short Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
title_full Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
title_fullStr Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
title_sort Phenotypic Variation in Cone Scales and Seeds as Drivers of Seedling Germination Dynamics of Co-Occurring Cedar and Fir Species
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Trujillo-Ríos, María
Gazol Burgos, Antonio
Seco, José I.
Linares, Juan Carlos
author Trujillo-Ríos, María
author_facet Trujillo-Ríos, María
Gazol Burgos, Antonio
Seco, José I.
Linares, Juan Carlos
author_role author
author2 Gazol Burgos, Antonio
Seco, José I.
Linares, Juan Carlos
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Junta de Andalucía
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Gazol Burgos, Antonio [0000-0001-5902-9543]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Seed mass
Cone scale
Conifer
Developmental instability
Seedling performance
Maternal effects
Abies marocana
Cedrus atlantica
topic Seed mass
Cone scale
Conifer
Developmental instability
Seedling performance
Maternal effects
Abies marocana
Cedrus atlantica
description The intraspecific trait variations in the reproductive structures and early growth of seedlings may be critical in determining further regeneration. However, modularly built organisms, such as trees, challenge our notion of the phenotype concept, as the arrays of nonidentical homologous organs, such as seed-bearing cone scales and seeds, depending on the individual capacity to produce phenotypically variable arrangements, but they also reflect abiotic selective effects. We investigated the variability in cone scale morphology, seed traits, and germination dynamics in coexisting fir (Abies marocana) and cedar (Cedrus atlantica) trees from northern Morocco. We quantified the degree of trait overlap in two co-occurring populations of both species, as a measure of population/species functional similarity. Cone scale size and seedling growth rate were species-dependent traits, as 70%–80% of the variance was explained by the species, while only 0%–2% was explained by the population. Conversely, seed weight was a tree-dependent trait, as 70% of the variation was observed among trees, while the species only explained 20% of the variation, and the contribution of the population was negligible. Species and populations showed the same characteristics in the correlations between variables, supporting different magnitudes but a constant relationship. Substantial variations in seed weight and early seedling growth occur concurrently among cones of a single tree, independently of the tree species or population. Further studies should consider both phenotype selection and inheritance of traits’ variance on the establishment, survival, and growth of seedlings in A. marocana and C. atlantica in nurseries and reforestation sites to improve adaptive capacity to changing environmental conditions.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379519
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379519
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/TED2021-129770B-C22/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123675OB-C44
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020252
https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020252
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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