Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.

In 2013, illegal drug use was responsible for 1.8% of years of life lost in the European Union, alcohol was responsible for 8.2% and tobacco for 18.2%, imposing economic burdens in excess of 2.5% of GDP. No single European country has optimal governance structures for reducing the harm done by nicot...

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Autores: Anderson, Peter, Berridge, Virginia, Conrod, Patricia, Dudley, Robert, Hellman, Matilda, Lachenmeier, Dirk, Lingford-Hughes, Anne, Miller, David, Rehm, Jürgen, Room, Robin, Schmidt, Laura, Sullivan, Roger, Ysa Figueras, Tamyko, Gual, Antoni
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2017
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/127045
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/127045
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Nicotina
Consum d'alcohol
Drogues
Salut pública
Nicotine
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Drugs of abuse
Public health
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spelling Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.Anderson, PeterBerridge, VirginiaConrod, PatriciaDudley, RobertHellman, MatildaLachenmeier, DirkLingford-Hughes, AnneMiller, DavidRehm, JürgenRoom, RobinSchmidt, LauraSullivan, RogerYsa Figueras, TamykoGual, AntoniNicotinaConsum d'alcoholDroguesSalut públicaNicotineDrinking of alcoholic beveragesDrugs of abusePublic healthIn 2013, illegal drug use was responsible for 1.8% of years of life lost in the European Union, alcohol was responsible for 8.2% and tobacco for 18.2%, imposing economic burdens in excess of 2.5% of GDP. No single European country has optimal governance structures for reducing the harm done by nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol, and existing ones are poorly designed, fragmented, and sometimes cause harm. Reporting the main science and policy conclusions of a transdisciplinary five-year analysis of the place of addictions in Europe, researchers from 67 scientific institutions addressed these problems by reframing an understanding of addictions. A new paradigm needs to account for evolutionary evidence which suggests that humans are biologically predisposed to seek out drugs, and that, today, individuals face availability of high drug doses, consequently increasing the risk of harm. New definitions need to acknowledge that the defining element of addictive drugs is 'heavy use over time', a concept that could replace the diagnostic artefact captured by the clinical term 'substance use disorder', thus opening the door for new substances to be considered such as sugar. Tools of quantitative risk assessment that recognize drugs as toxins could be further deployed to assess regulatory approaches to reducing harm. Re-designed governance of drugs requires embedding policy within a comprehensive societal well-being frame that encompasses a range of domains of well-being, including quality of life, material living conditions and sustainability over time; such a frame adds arguments to the inappropriateness of policies that criminalize individuals for using drugs and that continue to categorize certain drugs as illegal. A health footprint, modelled on the carbon footprint, and using quantitative measures such as years of life lost due to death or disability, could serve as the accountability tool that apportions responsibility for who and what causes drug-related harm.F1000 Research Ltd.2017info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/127045Articles publicats en revistes (Medicina)reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaInglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10860.1F1000Research, 2017, vol. 6, p. 289https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10860.1info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/266813cc-by (c) Anderson, Peter et al., 2017http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/1270452026-05-27T06:46:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
title Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
spellingShingle Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
Anderson, Peter
Nicotina
Consum d'alcohol
Drogues
Salut pública
Nicotine
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Drugs of abuse
Public health
title_short Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
title_full Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
title_fullStr Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
title_full_unstemmed Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
title_sort Reframing the science and policy of nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol - conclusions of the ALICE RAP Project.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Anderson, Peter
Berridge, Virginia
Conrod, Patricia
Dudley, Robert
Hellman, Matilda
Lachenmeier, Dirk
Lingford-Hughes, Anne
Miller, David
Rehm, Jürgen
Room, Robin
Schmidt, Laura
Sullivan, Roger
Ysa Figueras, Tamyko
Gual, Antoni
author Anderson, Peter
author_facet Anderson, Peter
Berridge, Virginia
Conrod, Patricia
Dudley, Robert
Hellman, Matilda
Lachenmeier, Dirk
Lingford-Hughes, Anne
Miller, David
Rehm, Jürgen
Room, Robin
Schmidt, Laura
Sullivan, Roger
Ysa Figueras, Tamyko
Gual, Antoni
author_role author
author2 Berridge, Virginia
Conrod, Patricia
Dudley, Robert
Hellman, Matilda
Lachenmeier, Dirk
Lingford-Hughes, Anne
Miller, David
Rehm, Jürgen
Room, Robin
Schmidt, Laura
Sullivan, Roger
Ysa Figueras, Tamyko
Gual, Antoni
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Nicotina
Consum d'alcohol
Drogues
Salut pública
Nicotine
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Drugs of abuse
Public health
topic Nicotina
Consum d'alcohol
Drogues
Salut pública
Nicotine
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Drugs of abuse
Public health
description In 2013, illegal drug use was responsible for 1.8% of years of life lost in the European Union, alcohol was responsible for 8.2% and tobacco for 18.2%, imposing economic burdens in excess of 2.5% of GDP. No single European country has optimal governance structures for reducing the harm done by nicotine, illegal drugs and alcohol, and existing ones are poorly designed, fragmented, and sometimes cause harm. Reporting the main science and policy conclusions of a transdisciplinary five-year analysis of the place of addictions in Europe, researchers from 67 scientific institutions addressed these problems by reframing an understanding of addictions. A new paradigm needs to account for evolutionary evidence which suggests that humans are biologically predisposed to seek out drugs, and that, today, individuals face availability of high drug doses, consequently increasing the risk of harm. New definitions need to acknowledge that the defining element of addictive drugs is 'heavy use over time', a concept that could replace the diagnostic artefact captured by the clinical term 'substance use disorder', thus opening the door for new substances to be considered such as sugar. Tools of quantitative risk assessment that recognize drugs as toxins could be further deployed to assess regulatory approaches to reducing harm. Re-designed governance of drugs requires embedding policy within a comprehensive societal well-being frame that encompasses a range of domains of well-being, including quality of life, material living conditions and sustainability over time; such a frame adds arguments to the inappropriateness of policies that criminalize individuals for using drugs and that continue to categorize certain drugs as illegal. A health footprint, modelled on the carbon footprint, and using quantitative measures such as years of life lost due to death or disability, could serve as the accountability tool that apportions responsibility for who and what causes drug-related harm.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/127045
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/127045
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10860.1
F1000Research, 2017, vol. 6, p. 289
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10860.1
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/266813
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Anderson, Peter et al., 2017
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Anderson, Peter et al., 2017
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv F1000 Research Ltd.
publisher.none.fl_str_mv F1000 Research Ltd.
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Medicina)
reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
instname:Universidad de Barcelona
instname_str Universidad de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de la UB
collection Dipòsit Digital de la UB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,301603

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