An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings

The activation of the immune system in response to a pathogen infection can impose significant costs on growth and oxidative stress. Developing individuals are particularly vulnerable to this challenge, as their physiological systems are still maturing and their rapid growth to achieve an optimal si...

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Autores: Parejo-Pulido, Daniel, Casquero, Silvia, Romero-Haro, Ana A., Pérez-Rodríguez, Lorenzo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/404591
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404591
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Acute-phase response
Altricial
Compensatory growth
Developmental plasticity
Early-life development
Second wave of clutches
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network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
title An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
spellingShingle An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
Parejo-Pulido, Daniel
Acute-phase response
Altricial
Compensatory growth
Developmental plasticity
Early-life development
Second wave of clutches
title_short An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
title_full An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
title_fullStr An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
title_full_unstemmed An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
title_sort An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Parejo-Pulido, Daniel
Casquero, Silvia
Romero-Haro, Ana A.
Pérez-Rodríguez, Lorenzo
author Parejo-Pulido, Daniel
author_facet Parejo-Pulido, Daniel
Casquero, Silvia
Romero-Haro, Ana A.
Pérez-Rodríguez, Lorenzo
author_role author
author2 Casquero, Silvia
Romero-Haro, Ana A.
Pérez-Rodríguez, Lorenzo
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
European Commission
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha
Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
Comunidad de Madrid
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Acute-phase response
Altricial
Compensatory growth
Developmental plasticity
Early-life development
Second wave of clutches
topic Acute-phase response
Altricial
Compensatory growth
Developmental plasticity
Early-life development
Second wave of clutches
description The activation of the immune system in response to a pathogen infection can impose significant costs on growth and oxidative stress. Developing individuals are particularly vulnerable to this challenge, as their physiological systems are still maturing and their rapid growth to achieve an optimal size is resource demanding. Here, we investigated the costs in terms of growth and oxidative stress of an experimentally induced immune challenge in wild spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) nestlings. To this aim, individuals were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an antigen that triggers an immune response, or a control substance (PBS) in a within-brood design. Although the immune activation impaired the rate of body mass gain within the first 6 h after the challenge, nestlings subsequently showed an accelerated increase in mass within the following 18 h, reaching a similar body mass to the controls by the next day. This represents a compensation ('catch-up growth') occurring within as little as 6-24 h after the challenge. Despite this compensation, initially smaller challenged nestlings showed reduced body mass and survival rates by 8 days after treatment compared with smaller control nestlings. The induced immune challenge also led to increased plasma levels of oxidative damage (reactive oxygen metabolites) and antioxidant capacity, supporting the oxidative cost of immune system activation. These findings highlight the costs of mounting an immune response during early life, characterized by an altered growth dynamic and increased oxidative damage, and the condition dependence of these effects.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404591
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404591
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-099596-B-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2017-83843-C2-1-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-126673NB-I00
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Parejo-Pulido, Daniel; 2024; An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17178
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250556
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Company of Biologists
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Company of Biologists
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spelling An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlingsParejo-Pulido, DanielCasquero, SilviaRomero-Haro, Ana A.Pérez-Rodríguez, LorenzoAcute-phase responseAltricialCompensatory growthDevelopmental plasticityEarly-life developmentSecond wave of clutchesThe activation of the immune system in response to a pathogen infection can impose significant costs on growth and oxidative stress. Developing individuals are particularly vulnerable to this challenge, as their physiological systems are still maturing and their rapid growth to achieve an optimal size is resource demanding. Here, we investigated the costs in terms of growth and oxidative stress of an experimentally induced immune challenge in wild spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) nestlings. To this aim, individuals were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an antigen that triggers an immune response, or a control substance (PBS) in a within-brood design. Although the immune activation impaired the rate of body mass gain within the first 6 h after the challenge, nestlings subsequently showed an accelerated increase in mass within the following 18 h, reaching a similar body mass to the controls by the next day. This represents a compensation ('catch-up growth') occurring within as little as 6-24 h after the challenge. Despite this compensation, initially smaller challenged nestlings showed reduced body mass and survival rates by 8 days after treatment compared with smaller control nestlings. The induced immune challenge also led to increased plasma levels of oxidative damage (reactive oxygen metabolites) and antioxidant capacity, supporting the oxidative cost of immune system activation. These findings highlight the costs of mounting an immune response during early life, characterized by an altered growth dynamic and increased oxidative damage, and the condition dependence of these effects.This research was funded a research grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PGC2018-099596-B-I00) co-financed by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) – A way of making Europe – awarded to L.P.-R. by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Additional support during population monitoring was provided by the research projects CGL2017-83843-C2-1-P and PID2021-126673NB-I00 awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades to D. Gil and L.P.-R. D.P.-P. was supported by a predoctoral contract the University of Castilla-La Mancha funded by the European Social Fund Plus (‘Fondo Social Europeo’ grant number 2019-PREDUCLM-11785) followed by a research contract belonging to the INVESTIGO Program, funded by the ‘Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia’ of the Ministerio de Trabajo y Economía Social, Junta de Castilla–La Mancha, and the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), co-financed by NextGenerationEU funds. S.C. was supported by a predoctoral research grant (PRE2019-090031) from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. A.A.R.-H. was supported by a ‘María Zambrano’ postdoctoral contract at Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha belonging to the ‘Programa de Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español’ funded by the Ministerio de Universidades, financed by the European Union – NextGenerationEU (grant agreement MZ2021:2022-POST-21023) and a CAM Talent Attraction grant (2024-T1/ECO-31271).Open Access funding provided by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.Peer reviewedCompany of BiologistsConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)European CommissionUniversidad de Castilla La ManchaJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaComunidad de MadridConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/404591reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-099596-B-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2017-83843-C2-1-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-126673NB-I002024-T1/ECO-31271/Talent AttractionParejo-Pulido, Daniel; 2024; An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17178https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.250556Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4045912026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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