Cost-effectively 3d-printed rigid and versatile interpenetrating polymer networks

Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the fi...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Konuray, Ali Osman|||0000-0001-7281-006X, Bonada Bo, Jordi|||0000-0002-4495-2295, Tercjak, Agnieszka, Fabregat Sanjuan, Albert|||0000-0002-2878-1369, Fernández Francos, Xavier|||0000-0002-3492-2922, Ramis Juan, Xavier|||0000-0003-2550-7185
Format: article
Publication Date:2021
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repository:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/362036
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/362036
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164544
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Thermodynamics
Three-dimensional printing
Steredogy
Interpenetrating polymer network
Dual-curing
Digital light processing
3D printing
DLP
Acrylate resin
Acrylate–epoxy hybrid
Termodinàmica
Impressió 3D
Estereologia
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Física::Termodinàmica
Description
Summary:Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the final material with superior mechanical properties. We report the successful formulation of such a hybrid system, consisting of a commercial 3D printing acrylate resin modified by an epoxy– anhydride mixture. In the final polymeric network, we observed segregation of an epoxy-rich phase as nano-domains, similar to what was observed in a previous work. However, in the current work, we show the effectiveness of a coupling agent added to the formulation to mitigate this segregation for when such phase separation is undesired. The hybrid materials showed significant improvement of Young’s modulus over the neat acrylate. Once the flexible, partially-cured material was printed with a minimal number of layers, it could be molded into a complex form and thermally cured. Temporary shapes were readily programmable on this final material, with easy shape recovery under mild temperatures. Inspired by repairable 3D printed materials described recently, we manufactured a large object by printing its two halves, and then joined them covalently at the thermal cure stage with an apparently seamless union