The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution

Humans have a larger energy budget than great apes, allowing the combination of the metabolically expensive traits that define our life history. This budget is ultimately related to the cardiac output, the product of the blood pumped from the ventricle and the number of heart beats per minute, a mea...

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Autores: Ríos Frutos, Luis Francisco, Sleeper, Meg, Danforth, Marietta, Murphy, Hayley Weston, Kutinsky, Ilana, Rosas, Antonio, Bastir, Markus, Gómez Cambronero, José, Sanjurjo, Ricardo, Campens, Laurence, Rider, Oliver, Pastor, Francisco
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/100996
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100996
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:572
Antropología biológica
2402 Antropología (Física)
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spelling The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolutionRíos Frutos, Luis FranciscoSleeper, MegDanforth, MariettaMurphy, Hayley WestonKutinsky, IlanaRosas, AntonioBastir, MarkusGómez Cambronero, JoséSanjurjo, RicardoCampens, LaurenceRider, OliverPastor, Francisco572Antropología biológica2402 Antropología (Física)Humans have a larger energy budget than great apes, allowing the combination of the metabolically expensive traits that define our life history. This budget is ultimately related to the cardiac output, the product of the blood pumped from the ventricle and the number of heart beats per minute, a measure of the blood available for the whole organism physiological activity. To show the relationship between cardiac output and energy expenditure in hominid evolution, we study a surrogate measure of cardiac output, the aortic root diameter, in humans and great apes. When compared to gorillas and chimpanzees, humans present an increased body mass adjusted aortic root diameter. We also use data from the literature to show that over the human lifespan, cardiac output and total energy expenditure follow almost identical trajectories, with a marked increase during the period of brain growth, and a plateau during most of the adult life. The limited variation of adjusted cardiac output with sex, age and physical activity supports the compensation model of energy expenditure in humans. Finally, we present a first study of cardiac output in the skeleton through the study of the aortic impression in the vertebral bodies of the spine. It is absent in great apes, and present in humans and Neanderthals, large-brained hominins with an extended life cycle. An increased adjusted cardiac output, underlying higher total energy expenditure, would have been a key process in human evolution.Nature ResearchUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20232023-01-0120232023-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100996reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1009962026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
title The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
spellingShingle The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
Ríos Frutos, Luis Francisco
572
Antropología biológica
2402 Antropología (Física)
title_short The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
title_full The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
title_fullStr The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
title_full_unstemmed The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
title_sort The aorta in humans and African great apes, and cardiac output and metabolic levels in human evolution
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ríos Frutos, Luis Francisco
Sleeper, Meg
Danforth, Marietta
Murphy, Hayley Weston
Kutinsky, Ilana
Rosas, Antonio
Bastir, Markus
Gómez Cambronero, José
Sanjurjo, Ricardo
Campens, Laurence
Rider, Oliver
Pastor, Francisco
author Ríos Frutos, Luis Francisco
author_facet Ríos Frutos, Luis Francisco
Sleeper, Meg
Danforth, Marietta
Murphy, Hayley Weston
Kutinsky, Ilana
Rosas, Antonio
Bastir, Markus
Gómez Cambronero, José
Sanjurjo, Ricardo
Campens, Laurence
Rider, Oliver
Pastor, Francisco
author_role author
author2 Sleeper, Meg
Danforth, Marietta
Murphy, Hayley Weston
Kutinsky, Ilana
Rosas, Antonio
Bastir, Markus
Gómez Cambronero, José
Sanjurjo, Ricardo
Campens, Laurence
Rider, Oliver
Pastor, Francisco
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 572
Antropología biológica
2402 Antropología (Física)
topic 572
Antropología biológica
2402 Antropología (Física)
description Humans have a larger energy budget than great apes, allowing the combination of the metabolically expensive traits that define our life history. This budget is ultimately related to the cardiac output, the product of the blood pumped from the ventricle and the number of heart beats per minute, a measure of the blood available for the whole organism physiological activity. To show the relationship between cardiac output and energy expenditure in hominid evolution, we study a surrogate measure of cardiac output, the aortic root diameter, in humans and great apes. When compared to gorillas and chimpanzees, humans present an increased body mass adjusted aortic root diameter. We also use data from the literature to show that over the human lifespan, cardiac output and total energy expenditure follow almost identical trajectories, with a marked increase during the period of brain growth, and a plateau during most of the adult life. The limited variation of adjusted cardiac output with sex, age and physical activity supports the compensation model of energy expenditure in humans. Finally, we present a first study of cardiac output in the skeleton through the study of the aortic impression in the vertebral bodies of the spine. It is absent in great apes, and present in humans and Neanderthals, large-brained hominins with an extended life cycle. An increased adjusted cardiac output, underlying higher total energy expenditure, would have been a key process in human evolution.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023-01-01
2023
2023-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100996
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100996
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Nature Research
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Nature Research
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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