High-Dimensional Immunophenotyping of Post-COVID-19 and Post-Influenza Patients Reveals Persistent and Specific Immune Signatures After Acute Respiratory Infection

Long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown since recovered individuals can experience symptoms and latent viral reactivation for months. Indeed, acute post-infection sequelae have also been observed in other respiratory viral infections, including influenza. To characterize post-COVI...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Pérez-Cózar, Francisco, Cal-Sabater, Paloma, Rybakowska, Paulina, Arribas-Rodríguez, Elisa, Fiz-López, Aida, García-Blesa, Antonio, García, Juan L., Gutiérrez, Sara, Tellería, Pablo, Novoa, Cristina, Rojo Rello, Silvia, De Prado, Ángel, Pérez, Cándido, Sedano, Rosa, Domínguez-Gil, Marta, Peñarrubia, María Jesús, Pieren, Dann K. J., Garrote, José Antonio, Arranz, Eduardo, Eiros, José María, Tamayo, Eduardo, Orduña, Antonio, van Els, Cécile A. C. M., Dueñas, Carlos, Marañón, Concepción, Bernardo, David, Cuesta-Sancho, Sara
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/394689
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/394689
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105007647121
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Immune signature
Immunome
Post‐COVID‐19
Post‐influenza
Descripción
Sumario:Long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown since recovered individuals can experience symptoms and latent viral reactivation for months. Indeed, acute post-infection sequelae have also been observed in other respiratory viral infections, including influenza. To characterize post-COVID-19 and post-influenza induced alterations to the cellular immunome, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients 3 months after recovery from COVID-19 (n = 93) or influenza (n = 25), and from pre-pandemic healthy controls (n = 25). PBMCs were characterized using a 40-plex mass cytometry panel. Principal component analysis (PCA), classification models, and K-means clustering were subsequently applied. PCA identified distinct immune profiles between cohorts, with both post-COVID and post-flu patients displaying an altered chemokine receptor expression compared to pre-pandemic healthy controls. These alterations were more prominent in post-COVID patients since they exhibited highly increased expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6 by various lymphoid populations, while post-influenza patients mainly showed a decrease in CCR4 expression by naïve T cells, monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells. Classification models using immunophenotyping data confirm the three groups, while K-means clustering revealed two subgroups among post-COVID patients, with younger patients showing more pronounced immune alterations in the chemokine receptor profile, independently of long COVID symptoms. In conclusion, post-COVID and post-influenza patients exhibit distinct and unique persistent immune alterations. Understanding these altered immune profiles can guide targeted therapies for post-COVID syndrome and highlight differences in immune recovery from various respiratory infections.

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