The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars

H. L. Ruh et al.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Ruh, H. L., Cifuentes, C., Caballero, J. A., Amado, Pedro J., Schöfer, P., Ribas, Ignasi, Morales, Juan Carlos
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/384032
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/384032
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: activity
Stars: low-mass
Stars: magnetic field
Stars: rotation
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
title The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
spellingShingle The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
Ruh, H. L.
Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: activity
Stars: low-mass
Stars: magnetic field
Stars: rotation
title_short The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
title_full The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
title_fullStr The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
title_full_unstemmed The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
title_sort The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ruh, H. L.
Cifuentes, C.
Caballero, J. A.
Amado, Pedro J.
Schöfer, P.
Ribas, Ignasi
Morales, Juan Carlos
author Ruh, H. L.
author_facet Ruh, H. L.
Cifuentes, C.
Caballero, J. A.
Amado, Pedro J.
Schöfer, P.
Ribas, Ignasi
Morales, Juan Carlos
author_role author
author2 Cifuentes, C.
Caballero, J. A.
Amado, Pedro J.
Schöfer, P.
Ribas, Ignasi
Morales, Juan Carlos
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Generalitat de Catalunya
Ribas, Ignasi [0000-0002-6689-0312]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: activity
Stars: low-mass
Stars: magnetic field
Stars: rotation
topic Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: activity
Stars: low-mass
Stars: magnetic field
Stars: rotation
description H. L. Ruh et al.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/384032
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/384032
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
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The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450836
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450836
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool starsRuh, H. L.Cifuentes, C.Caballero, J. A.Amado, Pedro J.Schöfer, P.Ribas, IgnasiMorales, Juan CarlosTechniques: radial velocitiesStars: activityStars: low-massStars: magnetic fieldStars: rotationH. L. Ruh et al.[Context] Radial velocity (RV) jitter represents an intrinsic limitation on the precision of Doppler searches for exoplanets that can originate from both instrumental and astrophysical sources.[Aims] We aim to determine the RV jitter floor in M dwarfs and investigate the stellar properties that lead to RV jitter induced by stellar activity.[Methods] We determined the RV jitter in 239 M dwarfs from the CARMENES survey that are predominantly of mid to late spectral type and solar metallicity. We also investigated the correlation between stellar rotation and magnetic fields with RV jitter.[Results] The median jitter in the CARMENES sample is 3.1 m s−1, and it is 2.3 m s−1 for stars with an upper limit of 2 km s−1 on their projected rotation velocities. We provide a relation between the stellar equatorial rotation velocity and RV jitter in M dwarfs based on a subsample of 129 well-characterized CARMENES stars. RV jitter induced by stellar rotation dominates for stars with equatorial rotation velocities greater than 1 km s−1. A jitter floor of 2 m s−1 dominates in stars with equatorial rotation velocities below 1 km s−1. This jitter floor likely contains contributions from stellar jitter, instrumental jitter, and undetected companions. We study the impact of the average magnetic field and the distributions of magnetic filling factors on the RV jitter. We find a series of stars with excess RV jitter and distinctive distributions of magnetic filling factors. These stars are characterized by a dominant magnetic field component between 2 to 4 kG.[Conclusions] An RV jitter floor can be distinguished from RV jitter induced by activity and rotation based on the stellar equatorial rotation velocity. RV jitter induced by activity and rotation primarily depends on the equatorial rotation velocity. This RV jitter is also related to the distribution of magnetic filling factors, and this emphasizes the role of the magnetic field in the generation of RV jitter.This publication was based on observations collected under the CARMENES Legacy+ project. CARMENES is an instrument at the Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almería, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucía and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC). The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to all members of the Calar Alto staff for their expert support of the instrument and telescope operation. CARMENES was funded by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the ERDF “A way of making Europe” through projects PID2022-137241NB-C4[1:4], PID2021-125627OB-C31, and the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” and “María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (CEX2019-000920-S), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CEX2021-001131-S) and Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CEX2020-001058-M). This work was also funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme, the DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” through grants JE 701/5-1 and RE 1664/20-1, and the Israel Science Foundation through grant 1404/22. We thank the anonymous reviewer for helpful comments.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excelence" accreditation (CEX2019-000920-S)With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excelence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S)With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewedEDP SciencesAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Generalitat de CatalunyaRibas, Ignasi [0000-0002-6689-0312]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/384032reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137241NB-C41info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137241NB-C42info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137241NB-C43info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137241NB-C44info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-125627OB-C31info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2019-000920-Sinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2021-001131-Sinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-MThe underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450836https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450836Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3840322026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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