Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Peñil, P., Otero-Santos, J., Ajello, Marco, Buson, S., Dominguez, A., Marcotulli, L., Torres-Albà, N., Becerra González, J., Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372342
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372342
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: general
Galaxies: nuclei
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
title Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
spellingShingle Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
Peñil, P.
Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: general
Galaxies: nuclei
title_short Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
title_full Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
title_fullStr Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
title_full_unstemmed Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
title_sort Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazars
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Peñil, P.
Otero-Santos, J.
Ajello, Marco
Buson, S.
Dominguez, A.
Marcotulli, L.
Torres-Albà, N.
Becerra González, J.
Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
author Peñil, P.
author_facet Peñil, P.
Otero-Santos, J.
Ajello, Marco
Buson, S.
Dominguez, A.
Marcotulli, L.
Torres-Albà, N.
Becerra González, J.
Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
author_role author
author2 Otero-Santos, J.
Ajello, Marco
Buson, S.
Dominguez, A.
Marcotulli, L.
Torres-Albà, N.
Becerra González, J.
Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv NASA
European Research Council
German Research Foundation
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: general
Galaxies: nuclei
topic Galaxies: active
BL Lacertae objects: general
Galaxies: nuclei
description This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372342
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae594
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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spelling Multiwavelength variability analysis of Fermi-LAT blazarsPeñil, P.Otero-Santos, J.Ajello, MarcoBuson, S.Dominguez, A.Marcotulli, L.Torres-Albà, N.Becerra González, J.Acosta-Pulido, J. A.Galaxies: activeBL Lacertae objects: generalGalaxies: nucleiThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Blazars present highly variable gamma-ray emission. This variability, which can range from a few minutes to several years, is also observed at other wavelengths across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We make use of the first 12 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, complemented with multiwavelength (MWL) archival data from different observatories and facilities in radio, infrared, and optical bands, to study the possible periodic emission from 19 blazars previously claimed as periodic candidates. A periodicity analysis is performed with a pipeline for periodicity searches. Moreover, we study the cross-correlations between the gamma-ray and MWL light curves. Additionally, we use the fractional variability and the structure function to evaluate the variability time-scales. We find five blazars showing hints of periodic modulation with ≥3.0σ (≈0σ post-trials), with periods ranging from 1.2 to 4 yr, both in their gamma-ray and MWL emission. The results provide clues for understanding the physical mechanisms generating the observed periodicity. © 2024 The Author(s).PP and MA acknowledge funding under NASA contract 80NSSC20K1562. SB acknowledges financial support by the European Research Council for the ERC Starting grant MessMapp, under contract no. 949555, and by the German Science Foundation DFG, research grant ‘Relativistic Jetsin Active Galaxies’ (FOR 5195, grant No. 443220636). JO-S thanks the support from grant FPI-SO from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (research project SEV-2015-0548-17-3 and predoctoral contract BES-2017- 082171). JO-S, JAA-P, and JBG acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through the Spanish State Research Agency, under Severo Ochoa Program 2020– 2023 (CEX2019-000920-S). JO-S acknowledges financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. AD isthankfulforthe support oftheRamon´ yCajal programe from the Spanish MINECO, Proyecto PID2021-126536OA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and Proyecto PR44/21–29915 funded by the Santander Bank and Universidad Complutense de Madrid. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a` l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire ´ et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Etudes ´ Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. We also want to thank all the observatories from which we used data. We thank the Las Cumbres Observatory and its staff for their continuing support of the ASAS-SN project. ASAS-SN was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grant GBMF5490 to the Ohio State University, and NSF grants AST-1515927 and AST-1908570. Development of ASAS-SN was supported by NSF grant AST-0908816, the Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation, the Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy (CAS-SACA), the Villum Foundation, and George Skestos. The AAVSO database: Kafka, S., 2021, Observations from the AAVSO International Database, https://www.aavso.org. The CSS survey was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNG05GF22G was issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program. The Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AST-0909182 and AST-1313422. This paper has made use of up-to-date SMARTS optical/near-infrared light curves that are available at www.astro.yale.edu/smarts/glast/ home.php. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used. This programme was supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. This research has made use of data from the OVRO 40-m monitoring programme (Richards et al. 2011a) supported by private funding from the California Institute of Technology and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, and by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX14AQ89G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. We also acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift data archive.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewedOxford University PressNASAEuropean Research CouncilGerman Research FoundationMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/372342reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. 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