The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)

The Geode of Pulpi (Almeria, Spain) is an ~11 m3 ovoid cavity, the walls of which are covered with meter-sized idiomorphic and highly transparent gypsum (CaSO4¿2H2O) crystals. We performed a thorough study based on field work, and petrographic and geochemical data collection, which aimed to reconstr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Canals, Agustí, Van Driessche, Alexander E. S., Palero, Ferran, García Ruiz, Juan Manuel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/206013
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/206013
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Barite
Carbonates
Gypsum
Geode
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spelling The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)Canals, AgustíVan Driessche, Alexander E. S.Palero, FerranGarcía Ruiz, Juan ManuelBariteCarbonatesGypsumGeodeThe Geode of Pulpi (Almeria, Spain) is an ~11 m3 ovoid cavity, the walls of which are covered with meter-sized idiomorphic and highly transparent gypsum (CaSO4¿2H2O) crystals. We performed a thorough study based on field work, and petrographic and geochemical data collection, which aimed to reconstruct the geological history leading to the formation of this geode. The geode is hosted in mineralized Triassic carbonate rocks with a discontinuous mineral sequence from iron-carbonates and barite to celestine and finally gypsum (microcrystalline and selenite). Data from fluid inclusions show that barite precipitated above 100 °C, celestine at ~70 °C, and gypsum below 25 °C. All ¿34S sulfate phases fall between Triassic and Tertiary evaporite values. Barite and gypsum, either microcrystalline or large selenite crystals, show variable ¿34S and ¿18O compositions, whereas celestine and centimetric selenite gypsum have homogeneous values. We propose that the growth of the large selenite crystals in the Geode of Pulpi was the result of a self-feeding mechanism consisting of isovolumetric anhydrite replacement by gypsum at a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C, episodically contributed by a ripening process enhanced by temperature oscillations due to climatic change. © 2019 The Authors.Financial support was provided by Projects CGL2010– 16882 and CGL2010–12099-E (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia [MEC]) and CGL2016–78971-P (MEC). We acknowledge logistic support from Magí Baselga, the Town Council of Pulpi, and the Junta de Andalucia (Proyecto de Excelencia RNM 5384). We are grateful to Yves Krüger for his assistance during monophase inclusion measurements. Van Driessche acknowledges funding from the French national program EC2CO–Biohefect, SULFCYCLE.Geological Society of AmericaMinisterio de Educación y Ciencia (España)Junta de AndalucíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2020202020192020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/206013reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2016-78971-Phttp://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G46734.1Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2060132026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
title The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
spellingShingle The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
Canals, Agustí
Barite
Carbonates
Gypsum
Geode
title_short The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
title_full The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
title_fullStr The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
title_full_unstemmed The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
title_sort The origin of large gypsum crystals in the geode of pulpi (Almeria, Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Canals, Agustí
Van Driessche, Alexander E. S.
Palero, Ferran
García Ruiz, Juan Manuel
author Canals, Agustí
author_facet Canals, Agustí
Van Driessche, Alexander E. S.
Palero, Ferran
García Ruiz, Juan Manuel
author_role author
author2 Van Driessche, Alexander E. S.
Palero, Ferran
García Ruiz, Juan Manuel
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España)
Junta de Andalucía
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Barite
Carbonates
Gypsum
Geode
topic Barite
Carbonates
Gypsum
Geode
description The Geode of Pulpi (Almeria, Spain) is an ~11 m3 ovoid cavity, the walls of which are covered with meter-sized idiomorphic and highly transparent gypsum (CaSO4¿2H2O) crystals. We performed a thorough study based on field work, and petrographic and geochemical data collection, which aimed to reconstruct the geological history leading to the formation of this geode. The geode is hosted in mineralized Triassic carbonate rocks with a discontinuous mineral sequence from iron-carbonates and barite to celestine and finally gypsum (microcrystalline and selenite). Data from fluid inclusions show that barite precipitated above 100 °C, celestine at ~70 °C, and gypsum below 25 °C. All ¿34S sulfate phases fall between Triassic and Tertiary evaporite values. Barite and gypsum, either microcrystalline or large selenite crystals, show variable ¿34S and ¿18O compositions, whereas celestine and centimetric selenite gypsum have homogeneous values. We propose that the growth of the large selenite crystals in the Geode of Pulpi was the result of a self-feeding mechanism consisting of isovolumetric anhydrite replacement by gypsum at a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C, episodically contributed by a ripening process enhanced by temperature oscillations due to climatic change. © 2019 The Authors.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2020
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/206013
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/206013
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CGL2016-78971-P
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G46734.1
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Geological Society of America
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Geological Society of America
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812455

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