Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen

Exposure to multiple environmental stressors threatens amphibian survival globally. While infections and pesticides are capable of driving declines, interactions may exacerbate their impact. Here, we study experimental exposure of painted frogs (Discoglossus pictus) to a commonly used herbicide (2,4...

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Autores: Martel, An, Blomme, Ellen, Verbrugghe, Elin, DeBruyckere, Sofie, Van Praet, Sarah, Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E., Pasmans, Frank
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/413024
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413024
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Pesticides
Amphibians
Chytridiomycosis
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
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spelling Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogenMartel, AnBlomme, EllenVerbrugghe, ElinDeBruyckere, SofieVan Praet, SarahOrtiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.Pasmans, FrankPesticidesAmphibiansChytridiomycosis2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)Exposure to multiple environmental stressors threatens amphibian survival globally. While infections and pesticides are capable of driving declines, interactions may exacerbate their impact. Here, we study experimental exposure of painted frogs (Discoglossus pictus) to a commonly used herbicide (2,4-D) and/or to a presumedly highly (JEL423) or low (BdBE3) virulent strain of the global panzootic lineage of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (BdGPL), a pathogenic fungus involved in amphibian declines and extinctions. Inoculation of both tadpoles and metamorphs with JEL423 impaired growth and reduced body condition of metamorphs, while inoculation with BdBE3 resulted in higher level infections that only reduced metamorph growth when inoculated at the metamorph stage. A higher pathogen burden at a lower cost for the anuran host corroborates the hypothesis of low virulent endemic BdGPL strains (BdBE3) versus highly virulent exotic strains (JEL423). Exposure of tadpoles to 2,4-D shortly before metamorphosis reduced froglet size at metamorphosis in a dose-dependent manner. Co-exposure to both 2,4-D during the tadpole stage and the BdGPL strains resulted in significant loss of body condition in the low virulent BdBE3 inoculated frogs, bringing its negative impact on par with that observed after inoculation with the highly virulent JEL423 strain. We demonstrate how the use of herbicides may exacerbate the impact of endemic infections on early life stage amphibians.This study is part of the project “AMPHIDEB: Development of biologically-based models in environmental risk assessment to assess the impact of chemicals and pathogenic fungi on amphibian and reptile populations” funded by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority).Peer reviewedElsevierEuropean Food Safety AuthorityConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/413024reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésMartel, An; Blomme, Ellen; Verbrugghe, Elin; DeBruyckere, Sofie; Van Praet, Sarah; Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.; Pasmans, Frank; 2025; Supplementary data for Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen [Dataset]; Elsevier; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180923https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180923Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4130242026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
title Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
spellingShingle Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
Martel, An
Pesticides
Amphibians
Chytridiomycosis
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
title_short Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
title_full Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
title_fullStr Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
title_full_unstemmed Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
title_sort Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Martel, An
Blomme, Ellen
Verbrugghe, Elin
DeBruyckere, Sofie
Van Praet, Sarah
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
Pasmans, Frank
author Martel, An
author_facet Martel, An
Blomme, Ellen
Verbrugghe, Elin
DeBruyckere, Sofie
Van Praet, Sarah
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
Pasmans, Frank
author_role author
author2 Blomme, Ellen
Verbrugghe, Elin
DeBruyckere, Sofie
Van Praet, Sarah
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
Pasmans, Frank
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Food Safety Authority
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Pesticides
Amphibians
Chytridiomycosis
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
topic Pesticides
Amphibians
Chytridiomycosis
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
description Exposure to multiple environmental stressors threatens amphibian survival globally. While infections and pesticides are capable of driving declines, interactions may exacerbate their impact. Here, we study experimental exposure of painted frogs (Discoglossus pictus) to a commonly used herbicide (2,4-D) and/or to a presumedly highly (JEL423) or low (BdBE3) virulent strain of the global panzootic lineage of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (BdGPL), a pathogenic fungus involved in amphibian declines and extinctions. Inoculation of both tadpoles and metamorphs with JEL423 impaired growth and reduced body condition of metamorphs, while inoculation with BdBE3 resulted in higher level infections that only reduced metamorph growth when inoculated at the metamorph stage. A higher pathogen burden at a lower cost for the anuran host corroborates the hypothesis of low virulent endemic BdGPL strains (BdBE3) versus highly virulent exotic strains (JEL423). Exposure of tadpoles to 2,4-D shortly before metamorphosis reduced froglet size at metamorphosis in a dose-dependent manner. Co-exposure to both 2,4-D during the tadpole stage and the BdGPL strains resulted in significant loss of body condition in the low virulent BdBE3 inoculated frogs, bringing its negative impact on par with that observed after inoculation with the highly virulent JEL423 strain. We demonstrate how the use of herbicides may exacerbate the impact of endemic infections on early life stage amphibians.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413024
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413024
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Martel, An; Blomme, Ellen; Verbrugghe, Elin; DeBruyckere, Sofie; Van Praet, Sarah; Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.; Pasmans, Frank; 2025; Supplementary data for Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D exacerbates infection outcome of a global amphibian pathogen [Dataset]; Elsevier; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180923
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180923
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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