Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques

[EN] In this study, we employ the adjoint method to design a Gradient Index (GRIN) lens at 10 GHz, optimizing the dielectric constant at each point to meet specific goal functions. Our optimization framework incorporates a 2D FFT-integral equation solver, delivering solutions within seconds. The ent...

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Autores: Vico Bondía, Felipe|||0000-0003-1292-3657, Cabedo Fabres, Marta|||0000-0002-3370-1802, Bachiller Martin, Maria Carmen|||0000-0002-5518-5060, Voronov, Aleksandr Andreyevich|||0009-0008-4508-4400, Jiménez, Luís
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositorio:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:riunet______::09e6ae947400924c32f29c8c4b76b4e6
Acceso en línea:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/234654
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Lens design
Adjoint method
Volume integral equation method
X-Band lenses
Additive manufacturing
Gradient Index (GRIN) lens
Gradient based optimization
Quasi-Newton optimization methods
09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación
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spelling Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing TechniquesVico Bondía, Felipe|||0000-0003-1292-3657Cabedo Fabres, Marta|||0000-0002-3370-1802Bachiller Martin, Maria Carmen|||0000-0002-5518-5060Voronov, Aleksandr Andreyevich|||0009-0008-4508-4400Jiménez, LuísLens designAdjoint methodVolume integral equation methodX-Band lensesAdditive manufacturingGradient Index (GRIN) lensGradient based optimizationQuasi-Newton optimization methods09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación[EN] In this study, we employ the adjoint method to design a Gradient Index (GRIN) lens at 10 GHz, optimizing the dielectric constant at each point to meet specific goal functions. Our optimization framework incorporates a 2D FFT-integral equation solver, delivering solutions within seconds. The entire optimization process is completed in just minutes, presenting a highly efficient approach to lens design. The optimized lens is fabricated using advanced 3D printing techniques, ensuring high precision and cost-effective manufacturing. The resulting design features a unique ring-shaped lens with a central piece of lower contrast, weighing a total of 207 grams and achieving an aperture efficiency of 55.9% as experimentally measured, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. The 3D printing process facilitates the rapid prototyping of such GRIN lenses, demonstrating its potential for applications requiring lightweight and compact designs. This approach opens avenues for further optimization and practical applications in communication systems and beyond.This work was supported in part by MCIN through the European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1); in part by the Generalitat Valenciana under Project MAOCOM-6G (Code: MFA/2022/056); in part by the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovación under Project INNEST/2022/124; and in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under Project PID2022-136869NB-C33.Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de TelecomunicaciónDepartamento de ComunicacionesInstituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones MultimediaEscuela Politécnica Superior de GandiaGeneralitat ValencianaAGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACIONAgència Valenciana de la InnovacióRepositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet20252025-08-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/234654reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valénciainstname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)InglésengAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2022-136869NB-C33 MATERIALES AVANZADOS Y ANTENAS PARA SISTEMAS DE COMUNICACIONES RECONFIGURABLESAGENCIA VALENCIANA DE LA INNOVACION AGENCIA VALENCIANA DE LA INNOVACION INNEST%2F2022%2F124 DESARROLLO DE DISPOSITIVOS DE COMUNICACIONES DE ALTA FRECUENCIA UTILIZANDO TECNOLOGÍAS AVANZADAS DE FABRICACIÓN ADITIVA Y METALIZADOGeneralitat Valenciana https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003359 MFA%2F2022%2F056open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada (by-nc-nd) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:riunet______::09e6ae947400924c32f29c8c4b76b4e62026-06-13T07:49:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
title Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
spellingShingle Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
Vico Bondía, Felipe|||0000-0003-1292-3657
Lens design
Adjoint method
Volume integral equation method
X-Band lenses
Additive manufacturing
Gradient Index (GRIN) lens
Gradient based optimization
Quasi-Newton optimization methods
09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación
title_short Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
title_full Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
title_fullStr Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
title_full_unstemmed Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
title_sort Designing X-Band Lenses with the Adjoint Method and 3D Printing Techniques
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Vico Bondía, Felipe|||0000-0003-1292-3657
Cabedo Fabres, Marta|||0000-0002-3370-1802
Bachiller Martin, Maria Carmen|||0000-0002-5518-5060
Voronov, Aleksandr Andreyevich|||0009-0008-4508-4400
Jiménez, Luís
author Vico Bondía, Felipe|||0000-0003-1292-3657
author_facet Vico Bondía, Felipe|||0000-0003-1292-3657
Cabedo Fabres, Marta|||0000-0002-3370-1802
Bachiller Martin, Maria Carmen|||0000-0002-5518-5060
Voronov, Aleksandr Andreyevich|||0009-0008-4508-4400
Jiménez, Luís
author_role author
author2 Cabedo Fabres, Marta|||0000-0002-3370-1802
Bachiller Martin, Maria Carmen|||0000-0002-5518-5060
Voronov, Aleksandr Andreyevich|||0009-0008-4508-4400
Jiménez, Luís
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación
Departamento de Comunicaciones
Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia
Generalitat Valenciana
AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION
Agència Valenciana de la Innovació
Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Lens design
Adjoint method
Volume integral equation method
X-Band lenses
Additive manufacturing
Gradient Index (GRIN) lens
Gradient based optimization
Quasi-Newton optimization methods
09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación
topic Lens design
Adjoint method
Volume integral equation method
X-Band lenses
Additive manufacturing
Gradient Index (GRIN) lens
Gradient based optimization
Quasi-Newton optimization methods
09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación
description [EN] In this study, we employ the adjoint method to design a Gradient Index (GRIN) lens at 10 GHz, optimizing the dielectric constant at each point to meet specific goal functions. Our optimization framework incorporates a 2D FFT-integral equation solver, delivering solutions within seconds. The entire optimization process is completed in just minutes, presenting a highly efficient approach to lens design. The optimized lens is fabricated using advanced 3D printing techniques, ensuring high precision and cost-effective manufacturing. The resulting design features a unique ring-shaped lens with a central piece of lower contrast, weighing a total of 207 grams and achieving an aperture efficiency of 55.9% as experimentally measured, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. The 3D printing process facilitates the rapid prototyping of such GRIN lenses, demonstrating its potential for applications requiring lightweight and compact designs. This approach opens avenues for further optimization and practical applications in communication systems and beyond.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-08-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/234654
url https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/234654
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2022-136869NB-C33 MATERIALES AVANZADOS Y ANTENAS PARA SISTEMAS DE COMUNICACIONES RECONFIGURABLES
AGENCIA VALENCIANA DE LA INNOVACION AGENCIA VALENCIANA DE LA INNOVACION INNEST%2F2022%2F124 DESARROLLO DE DISPOSITIVOS DE COMUNICACIONES DE ALTA FRECUENCIA UTILIZANDO TECNOLOGÍAS AVANZADAS DE FABRICACIÓN ADITIVA Y METALIZADO
Generalitat Valenciana https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003359 MFA%2F2022%2F056
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada (by-nc-nd)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada (by-nc-nd)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
reponame_str RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
collection RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812455

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