Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a noncontagious viral infection that can cause important economic losses on dairy farms. This study aimed to identify epidemiological and genetic factors influencing the susceptibility and severity of EHD in Holstein dairy cattle during the 2023 outbreak in Spa...

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Autores: González Recio, Oscar, Fernández Muñoz, Almudena, Jiménez-Montero, J. A.
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/395026
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/395026
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105002581504
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Dairy cattle
Emergent disease
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
Genomic epidemiology
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spelling Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023González Recio, OscarFernández Muñoz, AlmudenaJiménez-Montero, J. A.Dairy cattleEmergent diseaseEpizootic hemorrhagic diseaseGenomic epidemiologyEpizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a noncontagious viral infection that can cause important economic losses on dairy farms. This study aimed to identify epidemiological and genetic factors influencing the susceptibility and severity of EHD in Holstein dairy cattle during the 2023 outbreak in Spain. Data from 2,852 animals in 7 affected farms from 5 Spanish provinces were used. Symptoms were categorized in 5 categories: no symptoms, mild symptoms, severe symptoms and recovery, severe symptoms with aftereffects (sequelae), and severe symptoms followed by death. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina EuroG MD SNP array, and imputation to whole-genome sequencing was carried out using the 1,000 bull genomes dataset as a reference. Risk factors for EHD were explored using linear mixed effects models, as well as the loss of milk yield and culling risk probability due to severe EHD. In all, ∼66% of animals showed EHD virus antibodies, although only 25% of the sample in this study showed severe symptoms, and the death rate was 2% to 3%. Results indicated that age was the main risk factor for severe EHD, with older cows showing greater susceptibility. Production losses were significant in cows with moderate to severe symptoms, especially if the outbreak occurred mid lactation (up to -9 kg/d). Cows exhibiting severe symptoms demonstrated a markedly increased likelihood of being culled, with an odds ratio of 10.86 (95% CI: 6.08-19.41) for cows with severe symptoms. The genetic component of EHD was evaluated using REML procedures, and a GWAS was conducted to investigate genomic regions associated with the disease. An h2 of 0.08 was estimated, with some genes (AOC1, BST1, CD38, DPP6, DPYS, HOGA1, KMT2C, PIK2A, PIK3, and PI4K2A) associated with the disease showing involvement in immunity processes and the development of the pulmonary tree. This study underscores the genetic and epidemiological factors influencing EHD severity in dairy cattle, providing insights for managing future outbreaks and mitigating economic losses in affected regions.This project received no external fundingPeer reviewedElsevierGonzález Recio, Oscar [0000-0002-9106-4063]Fernández Muñoz, Almudena [0000-0002-4495-9366]Jiménez-Montero, J. A. [0000-0002-8121-1509]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/395026https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105002581504reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25520Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3950262026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
title Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
spellingShingle Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
González Recio, Oscar
Dairy cattle
Emergent disease
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
Genomic epidemiology
title_short Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
title_full Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
title_fullStr Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
title_sort Epidemiological and genetic factors affecting severe epizootic hemorrhagic disease in Spanish Holstein cattle during the Southern Europe outbreak of 2023
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv González Recio, Oscar
Fernández Muñoz, Almudena
Jiménez-Montero, J. A.
author González Recio, Oscar
author_facet González Recio, Oscar
Fernández Muñoz, Almudena
Jiménez-Montero, J. A.
author_role author
author2 Fernández Muñoz, Almudena
Jiménez-Montero, J. A.
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv González Recio, Oscar [0000-0002-9106-4063]
Fernández Muñoz, Almudena [0000-0002-4495-9366]
Jiménez-Montero, J. A. [0000-0002-8121-1509]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Dairy cattle
Emergent disease
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
Genomic epidemiology
topic Dairy cattle
Emergent disease
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
Genomic epidemiology
description Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a noncontagious viral infection that can cause important economic losses on dairy farms. This study aimed to identify epidemiological and genetic factors influencing the susceptibility and severity of EHD in Holstein dairy cattle during the 2023 outbreak in Spain. Data from 2,852 animals in 7 affected farms from 5 Spanish provinces were used. Symptoms were categorized in 5 categories: no symptoms, mild symptoms, severe symptoms and recovery, severe symptoms with aftereffects (sequelae), and severe symptoms followed by death. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina EuroG MD SNP array, and imputation to whole-genome sequencing was carried out using the 1,000 bull genomes dataset as a reference. Risk factors for EHD were explored using linear mixed effects models, as well as the loss of milk yield and culling risk probability due to severe EHD. In all, ∼66% of animals showed EHD virus antibodies, although only 25% of the sample in this study showed severe symptoms, and the death rate was 2% to 3%. Results indicated that age was the main risk factor for severe EHD, with older cows showing greater susceptibility. Production losses were significant in cows with moderate to severe symptoms, especially if the outbreak occurred mid lactation (up to -9 kg/d). Cows exhibiting severe symptoms demonstrated a markedly increased likelihood of being culled, with an odds ratio of 10.86 (95% CI: 6.08-19.41) for cows with severe symptoms. The genetic component of EHD was evaluated using REML procedures, and a GWAS was conducted to investigate genomic regions associated with the disease. An h2 of 0.08 was estimated, with some genes (AOC1, BST1, CD38, DPP6, DPYS, HOGA1, KMT2C, PIK2A, PIK3, and PI4K2A) associated with the disease showing involvement in immunity processes and the development of the pulmonary tree. This study underscores the genetic and epidemiological factors influencing EHD severity in dairy cattle, providing insights for managing future outbreaks and mitigating economic losses in affected regions.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/395026
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105002581504
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/395026
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105002581504
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25520
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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