Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

The intensity of a pathogen infection plays a key role in determining how the host responds to infection. Hosts with high infections are more likely to transmit infection to others, and are may be more likely to experience progression from infection to disease symptoms, to being physiologically comp...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Bielby, Jon, Sausor, Cristina, Monsalve-Carcaño, Camino, Bosch, Jaime
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/265170
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/265170
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Alyes obstetricans
Chytridiomycosis
Overwintering larvae
Gosner
id ES_8dbeaa2d381d2275e8e6b5a4ab7489fd
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/265170
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisBielby, JonSausor, CristinaMonsalve-Carcaño, CaminoBosch, JaimeAlyes obstetricansChytridiomycosisOverwintering larvaeGosnerThe intensity of a pathogen infection plays a key role in determining how the host responds to infection. Hosts with high infections are more likely to transmit infection to others, and are may be more likely to experience progression from infection to disease symptoms, to being physiologically compromised by disease. Understanding how and why hosts exhibit variation in infection intensity therefore plays a major part in developing and implementing measures aimed at controlling infection spread, its effects, and its chance of persisting and circulating within a population of hosts. To track the relative importance of a number of variables in determining the level of infection intensity, we ran field-surveys at two breeding sites over a 12 month period using marked larvae of the common midwife toad (Alyes obstetricans) and their levels of infection with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). At each sampling occasion we measured the density of larvae, the temperature of the water in the 48 h prior to sampling, the period of time the sampled individual had been in the water body, the developmental (Gosner) stage and the intensity of Bd infection of the individual. Overall our data suggest that the temperature and the duration of time spent in the water play a major role in determining the intensity of Bd infection within an individual host. However, although the duration of time spent in the water was clearly associated with infection intensity, the relationship was negative: larvae that had spent less than 3–6 months in the water had significantly higher infection intensities than those that had spent over 12 months, although this infection intensity peaked between 9 and 12 months. This could be due to animals with heavier infections developing more quickly, suffering increased mortality or, more likely, losing their mouthparts (the only part of anuran larvae that can be infected with Bd). Overall, our results identify drivers of infection intensity, and potentially transmissibility and spread, and we attribute these differences to both host and pathogen biology.This study was funded by the Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales of Spain (No. 2399/2017).Peer reviewedPeerJOrganismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/265170reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://peerj.com/articles/12889/#Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2651702026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
title Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
spellingShingle Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Bielby, Jon
Alyes obstetricans
Chytridiomycosis
Overwintering larvae
Gosner
title_short Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
title_full Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
title_fullStr Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
title_full_unstemmed Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
title_sort Temperature and duration of exposure drive infection intensity with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bielby, Jon
Sausor, Cristina
Monsalve-Carcaño, Camino
Bosch, Jaime
author Bielby, Jon
author_facet Bielby, Jon
Sausor, Cristina
Monsalve-Carcaño, Camino
Bosch, Jaime
author_role author
author2 Sausor, Cristina
Monsalve-Carcaño, Camino
Bosch, Jaime
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Alyes obstetricans
Chytridiomycosis
Overwintering larvae
Gosner
topic Alyes obstetricans
Chytridiomycosis
Overwintering larvae
Gosner
description The intensity of a pathogen infection plays a key role in determining how the host responds to infection. Hosts with high infections are more likely to transmit infection to others, and are may be more likely to experience progression from infection to disease symptoms, to being physiologically compromised by disease. Understanding how and why hosts exhibit variation in infection intensity therefore plays a major part in developing and implementing measures aimed at controlling infection spread, its effects, and its chance of persisting and circulating within a population of hosts. To track the relative importance of a number of variables in determining the level of infection intensity, we ran field-surveys at two breeding sites over a 12 month period using marked larvae of the common midwife toad (Alyes obstetricans) and their levels of infection with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). At each sampling occasion we measured the density of larvae, the temperature of the water in the 48 h prior to sampling, the period of time the sampled individual had been in the water body, the developmental (Gosner) stage and the intensity of Bd infection of the individual. Overall our data suggest that the temperature and the duration of time spent in the water play a major role in determining the intensity of Bd infection within an individual host. However, although the duration of time spent in the water was clearly associated with infection intensity, the relationship was negative: larvae that had spent less than 3–6 months in the water had significantly higher infection intensities than those that had spent over 12 months, although this infection intensity peaked between 9 and 12 months. This could be due to animals with heavier infections developing more quickly, suffering increased mortality or, more likely, losing their mouthparts (the only part of anuran larvae that can be infected with Bd). Overall, our results identify drivers of infection intensity, and potentially transmissibility and spread, and we attribute these differences to both host and pathogen biology.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/265170
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/265170
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://peerj.com/articles/12889/#
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv PeerJ
publisher.none.fl_str_mv PeerJ
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869413071215132672
score 15,811543

Similares en LA Referencia