Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40

We present a comprehensive study of the ionization structure and kinematics of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 40 (a.k.a. the Bow-tie Nebula). A set of narrow-band images obtained with the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera at the Nordic Optical Telescope are used to study the turbulent dis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Rodríguez-González, J. B., Toalá, Jesús A., Sabin, L., Ramos-Larios, G., Guerrero, Martín A., López, J. A., Estrada-Dorado, S.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/286498
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/286498
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Stars: evolution
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: winds, outflows
Stars: Wolf–Rayet
Planetary nebulae: general
Planetary nebulae: individual: NGC 40
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spelling Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40Rodríguez-González, J. B.Toalá, Jesús A.Sabin, L.Ramos-Larios, G.Guerrero, Martín A.López, J. A.Estrada-Dorado, S.Stars: evolutionStars: mass-lossStars: winds, outflowsStars: Wolf–RayetPlanetary nebulae: generalPlanetary nebulae: individual: NGC 40We present a comprehensive study of the ionization structure and kinematics of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 40 (a.k.a. the Bow-tie Nebula). A set of narrow-band images obtained with the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera at the Nordic Optical Telescope are used to study the turbulent distribution of gas in the main cavity, the ionization stratification and the density of this PN. High-resolution Manchester Echelle Spectrograph observations obtained at 2.1m telescope of the San Pedro Mártir Observatory are used to unveil in great detail the kinematic signatures of all morphological features in NGC 40. The images and spectra suggest that NGC 40 had multiple mass ejections in its recent formation history. We found 4 jet-like ejections not aligned with the main axis of NGC 40 (PA = 20°), some of them having pierced the main cavity along the SW–NE direction as well as the southern lobe. Using a tailor-made morpho-kinematic model of NGC 40 produced with SHAPE, we found that the main cavity has a kinematic age of 6500 yr and the two pairs of lobes expanding towards the N and S directions have an averaged age of 4100 ± 550 yr. NGC 40 thus adds to the group of PNe with multiple ejections along different axes that challenge the models of PN formation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.JBRG thanks Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología (CONACyT, Mexico) for research student grant. JBRG and JAT thank funding by Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA) of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) project IA100720. JAT thanks the Marcos Moshinsky Foundation (Mexico). JAT and GR-L acknowledge support from CONACyT (grant 263373). LS acknowledges a grant UNAM-PAPIIT IN101819 and IN110122 (Mexico). MAG is funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) grant PGC2018-102184-B-I00, co-funded by FEDER funds. MAG acknowledges support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). JAL acknowledges a grant DGAPA-PAPIIT IN103519 (Mexico) CONACyT A1-S-15140. The data presented here were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOT. This study is partially based upon observations carried out at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (OAN-SPM), Baja California, Mexico. The authors thank the telescope operator P.F. Guillén for valuable guidance during several observing runs. This work has made extensive use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System.Peer reviewedOxford University PressMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European CommissionUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202320232022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/286498reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN//SEV-2017-0709info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-102184-B-I00http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1761Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2864982026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
title Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
spellingShingle Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
Rodríguez-González, J. B.
Stars: evolution
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: winds, outflows
Stars: Wolf–Rayet
Planetary nebulae: general
Planetary nebulae: individual: NGC 40
title_short Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
title_full Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
title_fullStr Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
title_full_unstemmed Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
title_sort Adjusting the bow-tie: a morpho-kinematic study of NGC 40
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez-González, J. B.
Toalá, Jesús A.
Sabin, L.
Ramos-Larios, G.
Guerrero, Martín A.
López, J. A.
Estrada-Dorado, S.
author Rodríguez-González, J. B.
author_facet Rodríguez-González, J. B.
Toalá, Jesús A.
Sabin, L.
Ramos-Larios, G.
Guerrero, Martín A.
López, J. A.
Estrada-Dorado, S.
author_role author
author2 Toalá, Jesús A.
Sabin, L.
Ramos-Larios, G.
Guerrero, Martín A.
López, J. A.
Estrada-Dorado, S.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
European Commission
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Stars: evolution
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: winds, outflows
Stars: Wolf–Rayet
Planetary nebulae: general
Planetary nebulae: individual: NGC 40
topic Stars: evolution
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: winds, outflows
Stars: Wolf–Rayet
Planetary nebulae: general
Planetary nebulae: individual: NGC 40
description We present a comprehensive study of the ionization structure and kinematics of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 40 (a.k.a. the Bow-tie Nebula). A set of narrow-band images obtained with the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera at the Nordic Optical Telescope are used to study the turbulent distribution of gas in the main cavity, the ionization stratification and the density of this PN. High-resolution Manchester Echelle Spectrograph observations obtained at 2.1m telescope of the San Pedro Mártir Observatory are used to unveil in great detail the kinematic signatures of all morphological features in NGC 40. The images and spectra suggest that NGC 40 had multiple mass ejections in its recent formation history. We found 4 jet-like ejections not aligned with the main axis of NGC 40 (PA = 20°), some of them having pierced the main cavity along the SW–NE direction as well as the southern lobe. Using a tailor-made morpho-kinematic model of NGC 40 produced with SHAPE, we found that the main cavity has a kinematic age of 6500 yr and the two pairs of lobes expanding towards the N and S directions have an averaged age of 4100 ± 550 yr. NGC 40 thus adds to the group of PNe with multiple ejections along different axes that challenge the models of PN formation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/286498
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/286498
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN//SEV-2017-0709
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PGC2018-102184-B-I00
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1761
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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