High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Bibliographic Details
Authors: Bjørge-Engeland, I., Østgaard, Nikolai, Marisaldi, M., Luque, Alejandro, Mezentsev, A., Lehtinen, N., Chanrion, O., Fuglestad, Anders Nødland, Neubert, Torsten, Gordillo Vázquez, Francisco J.
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2024
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/370646
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/370646
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Elves
Peak current
Lightning
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spelling High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of ElvesBjørge-Engeland, I.Østgaard, NikolaiMarisaldi, M.Luque, AlejandroMezentsev, A.Lehtinen, N.Chanrion, O.Fuglestad, Anders NødlandNeubert, TorstenGordillo Vázquez, Francisco J.ElvesPeak currentLightningThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Elves are observed as expanding rings of light in the UV and visible optical bands. They are produced when electromagnetic pulses from lightning discharges interact with the lower parts of the ionosphere. Elves are well known to be associated with high peak current lightning discharges. Here, we use data from the Modular Multi-spectral Imaging Array (MMIA) of the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM), and search for observations of Elves when high peak current lightning discharges are detected by Vaisala's Global Lightning Detection network GLD360. We present two groups of events; high peak current detections associated with Elves and high peak current detections not associated with Elves. To understand why some current pulses with high peak currents do not produce observable Elves, we investigate and compare the lightning activity occurring before these two types of events, in terms of both the number of lightning discharges detected by GLD360 and the peak currents of the preceding discharges. Our results, using data from GLD360, suggest that current pulses with peak currents above |120| kA tend to produce Elves nearly always, regardless of the preceding lightning activity. For current pulses with peak currents between |70| and |120| kA, the number of observed Elves might be affected by the preceding lightning activity, or is the result of the characteristics of the storm cells that produce the Elve. © 2024. The Authors.This study was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 320839 and the Research Council of Norway under contracts 223252/F50 (CoE). Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor is a mission of the European Space Agency and is funded by national grants of Denmark, Norway and Spain. The authors thank Vaisala for the GLD360 lightning data.Peer reviewedAmerican Geophysical UnionEuropean Research CouncilResearch Council of NorwayAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/370646reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/320839http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039849Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3706462026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
title High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
spellingShingle High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
Bjørge-Engeland, I.
Elves
Peak current
Lightning
title_short High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
title_full High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
title_fullStr High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
title_full_unstemmed High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
title_sort High Peak Current Lightning and the Production of Elves
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bjørge-Engeland, I.
Østgaard, Nikolai
Marisaldi, M.
Luque, Alejandro
Mezentsev, A.
Lehtinen, N.
Chanrion, O.
Fuglestad, Anders Nødland
Neubert, Torsten
Gordillo Vázquez, Francisco J.
author Bjørge-Engeland, I.
author_facet Bjørge-Engeland, I.
Østgaard, Nikolai
Marisaldi, M.
Luque, Alejandro
Mezentsev, A.
Lehtinen, N.
Chanrion, O.
Fuglestad, Anders Nødland
Neubert, Torsten
Gordillo Vázquez, Francisco J.
author_role author
author2 Østgaard, Nikolai
Marisaldi, M.
Luque, Alejandro
Mezentsev, A.
Lehtinen, N.
Chanrion, O.
Fuglestad, Anders Nødland
Neubert, Torsten
Gordillo Vázquez, Francisco J.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Research Council
Research Council of Norway
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Elves
Peak current
Lightning
topic Elves
Peak current
Lightning
description This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/370646
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/370646
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/320839
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039849
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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