Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators

Wirelessly locked oscillators have been proposed for compact, high-sensitivity, and low-consumption tag-reader communications. However, their analysis is, in general, too simplified to reliably predict the behavior of transistor-based oscillators. In this work, we present a new analysis method based...

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Autores: Moncada Guayazan, Camilo Enrique, Ramírez Terán, Franco Ariel|||0000-0002-4188-4493, Suárez Rodríguez, Almudena|||0000-0002-5266-5544
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/35324
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/35324
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Injection locking
Noise analysis
Stability analysis
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spelling Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillatorsMoncada Guayazan, Camilo EnriqueRamírez Terán, Franco Ariel|||0000-0002-4188-4493Suárez Rodríguez, Almudena|||0000-0002-5266-5544Injection lockingNoise analysisStability analysisWirelessly locked oscillators have been proposed for compact, high-sensitivity, and low-consumption tag-reader communications. However, their analysis is, in general, too simplified to reliably predict the behavior of transistor-based oscillators. In this work, we present a new analysis method based on numerical nonlinear models of the oscillator circuits. These models are extracted from harmonic balance (HB) with the aid of an auxiliary generator (AG). They are introduced in a formulation of the coupled system, which can rely on an analytical or numerical description of the coupling effects. The number of independent variables is reduced by expressing one of the oscillator voltages in terms of the other by means of interpolation. The complex error function is solved through contour intersections, which enables an exhaustive calculation of all the coexisting solution curves. Distinguishing between stable and unstable solutions is essential since only stable solutions will be physically observed. We present a detailed stability analysis of this coupled system based on the perturbation of this system about each periodic solution. This involves the linearization, about each solution, of the nonlinear numerical models of the oscillator circuits. Also, the phase noise is analyzed by introducing equivalent noise sources in the perturbed system and by obtaining the carrier modulation. The investigation is extended to the case in which one of the oscillators acts as a self-injection-locked tag for motion sensing. Its signal injection locks the second oscillator, acting as a receiver. The formulation addressing this case makes use of a numerical description of the coupling and reflection effects. The system has been experimentally characterized with very good results, confirming the analysis methods.This work was supported in part by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) under Grant PID2020-116569RB-C31 and in part by the Consejería de Universidades, Igualdad, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de Cantabria (Contrato Programa Gobierno de Cantabria–UC).Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.Universidad de Cantabria20252025-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/35324IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024, 73(1), 130-143IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), Washington, DC, 2024reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/353242026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
title Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
spellingShingle Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
Moncada Guayazan, Camilo Enrique
Injection locking
Noise analysis
Stability analysis
title_short Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
title_full Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
title_fullStr Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
title_full_unstemmed Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
title_sort Stability and noise analysis of two wirelessly locked oscillators
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Moncada Guayazan, Camilo Enrique
Ramírez Terán, Franco Ariel|||0000-0002-4188-4493
Suárez Rodríguez, Almudena|||0000-0002-5266-5544
author Moncada Guayazan, Camilo Enrique
author_facet Moncada Guayazan, Camilo Enrique
Ramírez Terán, Franco Ariel|||0000-0002-4188-4493
Suárez Rodríguez, Almudena|||0000-0002-5266-5544
author_role author
author2 Ramírez Terán, Franco Ariel|||0000-0002-4188-4493
Suárez Rodríguez, Almudena|||0000-0002-5266-5544
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Injection locking
Noise analysis
Stability analysis
topic Injection locking
Noise analysis
Stability analysis
description Wirelessly locked oscillators have been proposed for compact, high-sensitivity, and low-consumption tag-reader communications. However, their analysis is, in general, too simplified to reliably predict the behavior of transistor-based oscillators. In this work, we present a new analysis method based on numerical nonlinear models of the oscillator circuits. These models are extracted from harmonic balance (HB) with the aid of an auxiliary generator (AG). They are introduced in a formulation of the coupled system, which can rely on an analytical or numerical description of the coupling effects. The number of independent variables is reduced by expressing one of the oscillator voltages in terms of the other by means of interpolation. The complex error function is solved through contour intersections, which enables an exhaustive calculation of all the coexisting solution curves. Distinguishing between stable and unstable solutions is essential since only stable solutions will be physically observed. We present a detailed stability analysis of this coupled system based on the perturbation of this system about each periodic solution. This involves the linearization, about each solution, of the nonlinear numerical models of the oscillator circuits. Also, the phase noise is analyzed by introducing equivalent noise sources in the perturbed system and by obtaining the carrier modulation. The investigation is extended to the case in which one of the oscillators acts as a self-injection-locked tag for motion sensing. Its signal injection locks the second oscillator, acting as a receiver. The formulation addressing this case makes use of a numerical description of the coupling and reflection effects. The system has been experimentally characterized with very good results, confirming the analysis methods.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/35324
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/35324
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024, 73(1), 130-143
IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), Washington, DC, 2024
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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