Spanish norms focused on learning measures for the picture version of the free and cued selective reminding test with immediate recall
Background: The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is a gold-standard among memory tests. Administration focused on learning measures may be more feasible for settings with limited face-to-face time per patient. ObjectiveTo obtain norms based on learning measures for the picture version...
| Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | article |
| Status: | Published version |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Universidad de Sevilla (US) |
| Repository: | idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:idus.us.es:11441/178559 |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11441/178559 https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251376906 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Alzheimer's disease Free and cued selective reminding test Normative study Picture version Spanish |
| Summary: | Background: The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is a gold-standard among memory tests. Administration focused on learning measures may be more feasible for settings with limited face-to-face time per patient. ObjectiveTo obtain norms based on learning measures for the picture version of the FCSRT with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR) from Spanish population. Methods: A prospective normative study. Cognitively unimpaired volunteers were systematically recruited if eligible (age ≥50, no memory complaints, and a total TMA-93 score at or above the 10th percentile). In a second and independent session, the pFCSRT-IR was administered and its free recall and total recall (learning measures) were scored (range of score: 0–48 points). If a variable showed a high ceiling effect it was dichotomized; otherwise, a regression-based method was followed. Results: The final sample included 257 participants. Mean age and years of schooling were 67.46 (SD = 9.42, range = 50–88) years and 10.30 (SD = 5.81, range = 0–30) years, respectively. 68.9% were females. Scores for total recall showed ceiling effect, with 90.7% of the participants scoring > 46, which allowed dichotomizing the cutoff point at 46/47 (10th percentile). Free recall scores exhibited variability and were influenced by years of schooling, as well as by an age-by-sex interaction identified in the regression analysis. Conclusions: The study provides norms based on learning measures for using the pFCSRT + IR in Spain. The 46/47 cutoff point for total recall may be a reliable and easy-to-use measure for diagnosing memory impairment. Norms for free recall must also take an age-by-sex interaction into account. |
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