Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique

The Nihewan Basin in North China has proved to be a key area for the study of human evolution outside of Africa due to its continuous record of hominin occupation since the Early Pleistocene. Lower Paleolithic lithic assemblages at Nihewan are attributed to the East Asian Mode 1 techno-complex, whic...

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Autores: Ma, Dongdong, Pei, Shuwen, Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la, Xu, Zhe, Li, Hao
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión enviada para evaluación y publicación
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/223375
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/223375
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Nihewan Basin
North China
Early Pleistocene
Bipolar technique
Experimental Paleolithic archaeology
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spelling Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar techniqueMa, DongdongPei, ShuwenTorre Sainz, Ignacio de laXu, ZheLi, HaoNihewan BasinNorth ChinaEarly PleistoceneBipolar techniqueExperimental Paleolithic archaeologyThe Nihewan Basin in North China has proved to be a key area for the study of human evolution outside of Africa due to its continuous record of hominin occupation since the Early Pleistocene. Lower Paleolithic lithic assemblages at Nihewan are attributed to the East Asian Mode 1 techno-complex, which is often defined by the widespread use of freehand knapping techniques. However, our ongoing investigation of several early Pleistocene archaeological sites at Nihewan has revealed a higher prevalence of bipolar stone artifacts than previously considered, which may have been underestimated in the past due to the disparity of analytical techniques applied to Early Stone Age assemblages and the poor quality of the Nihewan Basin raw materials. This has constrained the identification of bipolar attributes and their differentiation from freehand knapping products. This study aims to investigate technological and economical differences between the two techniques based on experimental results of chert from the Nihewan Basin, creating a referential framework for the study of bipolar artifacts that we apply, to the Early Pleistocene assemblages of Xiaochangliang and Cenjiawan. Our results not only highlight morphological and technological differences between bipolar and freehand products but also demonstrate that both techniques share significant similarities in terms of dimensions and productivity. Overall, our results help to contextualize the technological flexibility of East Asian Mode 1assemblages in the Nihewan Basin, where early hominins employed alternative flaking techniques, often in the same assemblage, to overcome constrains imposed by the poor quality of most of the raw materials available.This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB26000000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41872029, 41372032), the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (Grant No. 2017VCA0038), an ERC-Advanced Grant (Horizon 2020, BICAEHFID grant agreement No. 832980), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.Peer reviewedSpringerEuropean CommissionChinese Academy of SciencesNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaMa, Dong-Dong [0000-0001-7674-4733]de la Torre Sainz, Ignacio [0000-0002-1805-634X]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202020202020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/223375reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/832980https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01238-4Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2233752026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
title Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
spellingShingle Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
Ma, Dongdong
Nihewan Basin
North China
Early Pleistocene
Bipolar technique
Experimental Paleolithic archaeology
title_short Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
title_full Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
title_fullStr Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
title_full_unstemmed Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
title_sort Technological adaptations of early humans at the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Basin, North China: the case of the bipolar technique
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ma, Dongdong
Pei, Shuwen
Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la
Xu, Zhe
Li, Hao
author Ma, Dongdong
author_facet Ma, Dongdong
Pei, Shuwen
Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la
Xu, Zhe
Li, Hao
author_role author
author2 Pei, Shuwen
Torre Sainz, Ignacio de la
Xu, Zhe
Li, Hao
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ma, Dong-Dong [0000-0001-7674-4733]
de la Torre Sainz, Ignacio [0000-0002-1805-634X]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Nihewan Basin
North China
Early Pleistocene
Bipolar technique
Experimental Paleolithic archaeology
topic Nihewan Basin
North China
Early Pleistocene
Bipolar technique
Experimental Paleolithic archaeology
description The Nihewan Basin in North China has proved to be a key area for the study of human evolution outside of Africa due to its continuous record of hominin occupation since the Early Pleistocene. Lower Paleolithic lithic assemblages at Nihewan are attributed to the East Asian Mode 1 techno-complex, which is often defined by the widespread use of freehand knapping techniques. However, our ongoing investigation of several early Pleistocene archaeological sites at Nihewan has revealed a higher prevalence of bipolar stone artifacts than previously considered, which may have been underestimated in the past due to the disparity of analytical techniques applied to Early Stone Age assemblages and the poor quality of the Nihewan Basin raw materials. This has constrained the identification of bipolar attributes and their differentiation from freehand knapping products. This study aims to investigate technological and economical differences between the two techniques based on experimental results of chert from the Nihewan Basin, creating a referential framework for the study of bipolar artifacts that we apply, to the Early Pleistocene assemblages of Xiaochangliang and Cenjiawan. Our results not only highlight morphological and technological differences between bipolar and freehand products but also demonstrate that both techniques share significant similarities in terms of dimensions and productivity. Overall, our results help to contextualize the technological flexibility of East Asian Mode 1assemblages in the Nihewan Basin, where early hominins employed alternative flaking techniques, often in the same assemblage, to overcome constrains imposed by the poor quality of most of the raw materials available.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Preprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion
format article
status_str submittedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/223375
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/223375
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/832980
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01238-4
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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