Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru
Sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type (MVT) deposits hosts significant resources of both germanium and gallium. Here, we provide a survey on the distribution of Ge, Ga, and other minor and trace elements in sphalerite from MVT deposits in the Eastern Cordillera and sub-Andean regions of Peru, includ...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión aceptada para publicación |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/345363 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/345363 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Gallium Germanium Lead Mineral property Mississippi Valley-type deposit Spatial resolution Zinc Andes By-product Critical raw materials High-tech elements Mineral color Zn–Pb deposits |
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Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, PeruTorró, LisardMillán-Núñez, Andrea JulietaBenites, DiegoGonzález-Jiménez, José MaríaLaurent, OscarTavazzani, LorenzoVallance, JeanChelle-Michou, CyrilProenza, Joaquín A.Flores, CarlosMelgarejo, Joan CarlesRosas, SilviaFontboté, LluísGalliumGermaniumLeadMineral propertyMississippi Valley-type depositSpatial resolutionZincAndesBy-productCritical raw materialsHigh-tech elementsMineral colorZn–Pb depositsSphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type (MVT) deposits hosts significant resources of both germanium and gallium. Here, we provide a survey on the distribution of Ge, Ga, and other minor and trace elements in sphalerite from MVT deposits in the Eastern Cordillera and sub-Andean regions of Peru, including the San Vicente deposit and the nearby Chilpes and Huacrash prospects, and the Shalipayco deposit. We present also a micro- and nano-scale textural characterization of Ge-rich sphalerite. In situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses yielded Ge contents (inter-quartile range [IQR] = 164–36 ppm for the San Vicente district and IQR = 425–101 ppm for the Shalipayco deposit) that overlap with the range reported for sphalerite from other MVT deposits elsewhere. The highest Ge contents (IQR = 1207–375 ppm, up to 1861 ppm) were found in Fe-poor orange sphalerite deposited during a volumetrically minor second mineralization step in the San Vicente deposit located mainly in steep veins that crosscut the main first-step mineralization dominated by darker sphalerite. Reddish-brown sphalerite from Chilpes (IQR = 445–22 ppm, up to 1745 ppm) and brownish orange sphalerite from Huacrash (IQR = 650–34 ppm, up to 855 ppm) also yielded remarkably high Ge values. In Shalipayco, the highest Ge contents were analyzed in late Fe-poor yellow sphalerite (IQR = 375–267 ppm, up to 1119 ppm). The highest Ga contents were determined in reddish-brown sphalerite from the Chilpes prospect (IQR = 1156–0.26 ppm, up to 3943 ppm), although Ga contents are, in general, much lower than those of Ge in most analyzed sphalerite (IQR = 27–0.22 ppm in the San Vicente district and IQR = 2.8–0.081 ppm in the Shalipayco deposit). These figures place some of the analyzed sphalerite types among the Ge- and Ga-richest samples ever reported. Linkage of textural and compositional data points to light-colored, chiefly orange and yellow sphalerite generations crystallizing at lower temperatures and relatively late in the paragenetic sequences as those with the highest Ge contents. In contrast, the paragenetic control on Ga enrichment is unclear. Focused ion beam and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (FIB-HRTEM) investigation combined with trace element content correlations reveal selective partitioning of Ge and Ga into sphalerite as structurally bound elements and their incorporation via substitution mostly coupled to monovalent cations triggering polytypism.This study was economically supported by the Peruvian CONCYTEC-FONDECYT-World Bank project 107–2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-AV managed through the PROCIENCIA agency, and logistically suported by the project 2021 SGR 00239 of the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca de Catalunya.Springer NatureAgència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de RecercaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420232024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/345363reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-023-01160-4Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3453632026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| title |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| spellingShingle |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru Torró, Lisard Gallium Germanium Lead Mineral property Mississippi Valley-type deposit Spatial resolution Zinc Andes By-product Critical raw materials High-tech elements Mineral color Zn–Pb deposits |
| title_short |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| title_full |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| title_fullStr |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| title_sort |
Germanium- and gallium-rich sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type deposits: the San Vicente district and the Shalipayco deposit, Peru |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Torró, Lisard Millán-Núñez, Andrea Julieta Benites, Diego González-Jiménez, José María Laurent, Oscar Tavazzani, Lorenzo Vallance, Jean Chelle-Michou, Cyril Proenza, Joaquín A. Flores, Carlos Melgarejo, Joan Carles Rosas, Silvia Fontboté, Lluís |
| author |
Torró, Lisard |
| author_facet |
Torró, Lisard Millán-Núñez, Andrea Julieta Benites, Diego González-Jiménez, José María Laurent, Oscar Tavazzani, Lorenzo Vallance, Jean Chelle-Michou, Cyril Proenza, Joaquín A. Flores, Carlos Melgarejo, Joan Carles Rosas, Silvia Fontboté, Lluís |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Millán-Núñez, Andrea Julieta Benites, Diego González-Jiménez, José María Laurent, Oscar Tavazzani, Lorenzo Vallance, Jean Chelle-Michou, Cyril Proenza, Joaquín A. Flores, Carlos Melgarejo, Joan Carles Rosas, Silvia Fontboté, Lluís |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Gallium Germanium Lead Mineral property Mississippi Valley-type deposit Spatial resolution Zinc Andes By-product Critical raw materials High-tech elements Mineral color Zn–Pb deposits |
| topic |
Gallium Germanium Lead Mineral property Mississippi Valley-type deposit Spatial resolution Zinc Andes By-product Critical raw materials High-tech elements Mineral color Zn–Pb deposits |
| description |
Sphalerite in Mississippi Valley–type (MVT) deposits hosts significant resources of both germanium and gallium. Here, we provide a survey on the distribution of Ge, Ga, and other minor and trace elements in sphalerite from MVT deposits in the Eastern Cordillera and sub-Andean regions of Peru, including the San Vicente deposit and the nearby Chilpes and Huacrash prospects, and the Shalipayco deposit. We present also a micro- and nano-scale textural characterization of Ge-rich sphalerite. In situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses yielded Ge contents (inter-quartile range [IQR] = 164–36 ppm for the San Vicente district and IQR = 425–101 ppm for the Shalipayco deposit) that overlap with the range reported for sphalerite from other MVT deposits elsewhere. The highest Ge contents (IQR = 1207–375 ppm, up to 1861 ppm) were found in Fe-poor orange sphalerite deposited during a volumetrically minor second mineralization step in the San Vicente deposit located mainly in steep veins that crosscut the main first-step mineralization dominated by darker sphalerite. Reddish-brown sphalerite from Chilpes (IQR = 445–22 ppm, up to 1745 ppm) and brownish orange sphalerite from Huacrash (IQR = 650–34 ppm, up to 855 ppm) also yielded remarkably high Ge values. In Shalipayco, the highest Ge contents were analyzed in late Fe-poor yellow sphalerite (IQR = 375–267 ppm, up to 1119 ppm). The highest Ga contents were determined in reddish-brown sphalerite from the Chilpes prospect (IQR = 1156–0.26 ppm, up to 3943 ppm), although Ga contents are, in general, much lower than those of Ge in most analyzed sphalerite (IQR = 27–0.22 ppm in the San Vicente district and IQR = 2.8–0.081 ppm in the Shalipayco deposit). These figures place some of the analyzed sphalerite types among the Ge- and Ga-richest samples ever reported. Linkage of textural and compositional data points to light-colored, chiefly orange and yellow sphalerite generations crystallizing at lower temperatures and relatively late in the paragenetic sequences as those with the highest Ge contents. In contrast, the paragenetic control on Ga enrichment is unclear. Focused ion beam and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (FIB-HRTEM) investigation combined with trace element content correlations reveal selective partitioning of Ge and Ga into sphalerite as structurally bound elements and their incorporation via substitution mostly coupled to monovalent cations triggering polytypism. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 2024 2024 2024 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Postprint info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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article |
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acceptedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/345363 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/345363 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-023-01160-4 Sí |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Springer Nature |
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Springer Nature |
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