Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (oxy-PAHs and nitro-PAHs) are released during the biomass combustion process, both in the exhaust gas and bound to the particulate matter (PM). The composition of PAHs, including the number of carbon atoms and their molecular weight, is d...

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Authors: Monedero Villalba, María Esperanza, Collado Castillo, María del Rocío, Villanueva García, Florentina, Borjabad , Elena, Ramos , Raquel, Hernández Adrover, Juan José
Format: article
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repository:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/43983
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107954
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/43983
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Biomass combustion
Domestic boiler
Non-woody biomass
PAHs
Particulate matter
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spelling Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomassMonedero Villalba, María EsperanzaCollado Castillo, María del RocíoVillanueva García, FlorentinaBorjabad , ElenaRamos , RaquelHernández Adrover, Juan JoséBiomass combustionDomestic boilerNon-woody biomassPAHsParticulate matterPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (oxy-PAHs and nitro-PAHs) are released during the biomass combustion process, both in the exhaust gas and bound to the particulate matter (PM). The composition of PAHs, including the number of carbon atoms and their molecular weight, is directly related to their toxicity. The aim of this work was to determine the PM-bound emission of the 16 EPA priority PAHs and some of their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives from the combustion of exhausted olive cake (EOC) and almond shell (AS) in a domestic boiler at two loads, nominal (55 kW) and partial (24 kW). In addition, pine pellet (P) was investigated as a reference fuel. Total PAHs emissions ranged from 1.7 to 8.4 µg/kg and from 5.7 to 357.8 µg/kg at nominal and partial load, respectively. While AS was the most PAHs-forming fuel at nominal load, EOC caused the highest emission at low load. The influence of the boiler load was quite relevant regarding the molecular weight of PAHs bound to PM. At nominal load, EOC and AS were dominated by low molecular weight compounds (LMW) and high molecular weight compounds (HHW), respectively, while at partial load medium molecular weight (MMW) PAHs gained importance for AS (59 %) and EOC PM were clearly dominated by high molecular weight PAHs (99 %). The higher unburned matter at partial load led to higher oxy and nitro-PAHs concentrations for the three biomass fuels, being in all cases 3 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than their derivative PAHs. EOC at partial load presented the highest value of KEsum and therefore its use in a modular boiler is less recommended from the health risk point of view.Elsevier202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107954https://hdl.handle.net/10578/43983reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLMinstname:Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaInglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/439832026-05-27T07:36:41Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
title Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
spellingShingle Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
Monedero Villalba, María Esperanza
Biomass combustion
Domestic boiler
Non-woody biomass
PAHs
Particulate matter
title_short Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
title_full Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
title_fullStr Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
title_full_unstemmed Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
title_sort Particulate-bound PAHs, nitro and oxy-PAHs from small scale boilers fueled with non-woody biomass
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Monedero Villalba, María Esperanza
Collado Castillo, María del Rocío
Villanueva García, Florentina
Borjabad , Elena
Ramos , Raquel
Hernández Adrover, Juan José
author Monedero Villalba, María Esperanza
author_facet Monedero Villalba, María Esperanza
Collado Castillo, María del Rocío
Villanueva García, Florentina
Borjabad , Elena
Ramos , Raquel
Hernández Adrover, Juan José
author_role author
author2 Collado Castillo, María del Rocío
Villanueva García, Florentina
Borjabad , Elena
Ramos , Raquel
Hernández Adrover, Juan José
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomass combustion
Domestic boiler
Non-woody biomass
PAHs
Particulate matter
topic Biomass combustion
Domestic boiler
Non-woody biomass
PAHs
Particulate matter
description Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (oxy-PAHs and nitro-PAHs) are released during the biomass combustion process, both in the exhaust gas and bound to the particulate matter (PM). The composition of PAHs, including the number of carbon atoms and their molecular weight, is directly related to their toxicity. The aim of this work was to determine the PM-bound emission of the 16 EPA priority PAHs and some of their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives from the combustion of exhausted olive cake (EOC) and almond shell (AS) in a domestic boiler at two loads, nominal (55 kW) and partial (24 kW). In addition, pine pellet (P) was investigated as a reference fuel. Total PAHs emissions ranged from 1.7 to 8.4 µg/kg and from 5.7 to 357.8 µg/kg at nominal and partial load, respectively. While AS was the most PAHs-forming fuel at nominal load, EOC caused the highest emission at low load. The influence of the boiler load was quite relevant regarding the molecular weight of PAHs bound to PM. At nominal load, EOC and AS were dominated by low molecular weight compounds (LMW) and high molecular weight compounds (HHW), respectively, while at partial load medium molecular weight (MMW) PAHs gained importance for AS (59 %) and EOC PM were clearly dominated by high molecular weight PAHs (99 %). The higher unburned matter at partial load led to higher oxy and nitro-PAHs concentrations for the three biomass fuels, being in all cases 3 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than their derivative PAHs. EOC at partial load presented the highest value of KEsum and therefore its use in a modular boiler is less recommended from the health risk point of view.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107954
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/43983
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107954
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/43983
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
instname:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
instname_str Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
reponame_str RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
collection RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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