Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected mainly the most vulnerable population in developing countries. This research focuses on financial inclusion, with an emphasis on digital financing among men and women in Latin American countries. The analysis combines a qualitative and quantitative perspective. We...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Lorain, Marie Anne, Pernas, Jesús Barreal, Jannes, Gil, Grande, Elena Urquía, Sánchez, Pilar López, Sierra, Javier
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Repositorio:DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddfv.ufv.es:10641/6906
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10641/6906
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
Digital finance
Financial inclusion
Gender
Latin America
Geography, Planning and Development
Development
Sociology and Political Science
Economics and Econometrics
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
Yes
yes
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repository_id_str
spelling Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countriesLorain, Marie AnnePernas, Jesús BarrealJannes, GilGrande, Elena UrquíaSánchez, Pilar LópezSierra, JavierCOVID-19Digital financeFinancial inclusionGenderLatin AmericaGeography, Planning and DevelopmentDevelopmentSociology and Political ScienceEconomics and EconometricsSDG 5 - Gender EqualitySDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic GrowthYesyesThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected mainly the most vulnerable population in developing countries. This research focuses on financial inclusion, with an emphasis on digital financing among men and women in Latin American countries. The analysis combines a qualitative and quantitative perspective. We first perform a comprehensive literature review of financial inclusion in developing countries, with a focus on gender gap, pre- and post-COVID. An extensive sample of Latin American countries is then studied in detail through the World Bank Global Findex Questionnaire. A series of questions is identified in relation to financial inclusion, such as financial and mobile account ownership and their use for bill payments, or debit and credit card ownership, and the differences in terms of gender are analyzed statistically. This analysis is complemented by an econometric modelization to identify the significance and strength of the variables that determine financial inclusion. Among our main results, we highlight the positive post-COVID evolution of financial inclusion for both genders. However, this positive influence is much stronger for men than for women. Before COVID, women scored slightly higher on all financial inclusion indicators under consideration for the whole of Latin America. However, this balance is markedly reversed post-COVID. Our results thus reinforce previous findings on the economic, social, and financial repercussions suffered by women in developing countries from COVID-19. We also formulate tentative suggestions for policy makers to reinforce the financial education and inclusion of women.Facultad de Derecho, Empresa y Gobierno20252025-04-0120252025-04-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10641/6906reponame:DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoriainstname:Universidad Francisco de VitoriaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddfv.ufv.es:10641/69062026-06-11T12:44:57Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
title Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
spellingShingle Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
Lorain, Marie Anne
COVID-19
Digital finance
Financial inclusion
Gender
Latin America
Geography, Planning and Development
Development
Sociology and Political Science
Economics and Econometrics
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
Yes
yes
title_short Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
title_full Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
title_fullStr Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
title_sort Unraveling financial exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic : A gender perspective in Latin American countries
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Lorain, Marie Anne
Pernas, Jesús Barreal
Jannes, Gil
Grande, Elena Urquía
Sánchez, Pilar López
Sierra, Javier
author Lorain, Marie Anne
author_facet Lorain, Marie Anne
Pernas, Jesús Barreal
Jannes, Gil
Grande, Elena Urquía
Sánchez, Pilar López
Sierra, Javier
author_role author
author2 Pernas, Jesús Barreal
Jannes, Gil
Grande, Elena Urquía
Sánchez, Pilar López
Sierra, Javier
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Derecho, Empresa y Gobierno
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Digital finance
Financial inclusion
Gender
Latin America
Geography, Planning and Development
Development
Sociology and Political Science
Economics and Econometrics
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
Yes
yes
topic COVID-19
Digital finance
Financial inclusion
Gender
Latin America
Geography, Planning and Development
Development
Sociology and Political Science
Economics and Econometrics
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
Yes
yes
description The COVID-19 pandemic has affected mainly the most vulnerable population in developing countries. This research focuses on financial inclusion, with an emphasis on digital financing among men and women in Latin American countries. The analysis combines a qualitative and quantitative perspective. We first perform a comprehensive literature review of financial inclusion in developing countries, with a focus on gender gap, pre- and post-COVID. An extensive sample of Latin American countries is then studied in detail through the World Bank Global Findex Questionnaire. A series of questions is identified in relation to financial inclusion, such as financial and mobile account ownership and their use for bill payments, or debit and credit card ownership, and the differences in terms of gender are analyzed statistically. This analysis is complemented by an econometric modelization to identify the significance and strength of the variables that determine financial inclusion. Among our main results, we highlight the positive post-COVID evolution of financial inclusion for both genders. However, this positive influence is much stronger for men than for women. Before COVID, women scored slightly higher on all financial inclusion indicators under consideration for the whole of Latin America. However, this balance is markedly reversed post-COVID. Our results thus reinforce previous findings on the economic, social, and financial repercussions suffered by women in developing countries from COVID-19. We also formulate tentative suggestions for policy makers to reinforce the financial education and inclusion of women.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-04-01
2025
2025-04-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10641/6906
url https://hdl.handle.net/10641/6906
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
instname:Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
instname_str Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
reponame_str DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
collection DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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