A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica

Southern-European cities face a simultaneous rise in cooling demand and a policy drive to decarbonise heating and cooling, in line with european climate commitments. In response, fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) district-heating-and-cooling networks have emerged as promising solution...

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Autor: Chapelle, Héloïse
Tipo de recurso: tesis de maestría
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/445584
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/445584
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Geothermal resources
Heat storage
4GDHC
5GDHC, Shallow geothermal, OpenModelica, Borehole thermal energy storage, LCOH, SPF
Energia geotèrmica
Calor--Emmagatzematge
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia geotèrmica
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spelling A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelicaChapelle, HéloïseGeothermal resourcesHeat storage4GDHC5GDHC, Shallow geothermal, OpenModelica, Borehole thermal energy storage, LCOH, SPFEnergia geotèrmicaCalor--EmmagatzematgeÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia geotèrmicaSouthern-European cities face a simultaneous rise in cooling demand and a policy drive to decarbonise heating and cooling, in line with european climate commitments. In response, fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) district-heating-and-cooling networks have emerged as promising solutions, with 5G representing a more recent development. This thesis compares fourth- (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) district heating and cooling (DHC) networks that use shallow-geothermal energy as a seasonal sink/source and rooftop PV as auxiliary power. Both systems are modelled in OpenModelica (Buildings 10.0.0) under identical set points (65 ◦C for space-heating/domestic hot water, 7 ◦C for space-cooling) on a two-buildings testbed, with three demand scenarios and a one-year horizon. The neutral-temperature single-pipe 5G concept outperforms the four-pipe 4G layout: overall seasonal performance factors (heating + cooling) are 3.33–3.55–2.50 (5G) vs 2.50–2.68–2.00 (4G), yielding about 25% lower electricity use and operational CO2. Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) fall in the range 101–142 €/MWh for 5G versus 130–186 €/MWh for 4G. Regarding the thermal balance of the borefield, across demand scenarios, 5G exchanges less heat with the ground (extraction – 10–32%, injection – 17–28%). In the third case studying two demand profile of two single family buildings, an additional 4GDHC scenario with a central biomass-boiler booster and heat storage (obtained from surplus rooftop PV production) reduce electricity use and CO2 by 29% vs 4G (8% vs 5G) at a LCOH of 172.8€/MWh, providing an interesting alternative where a 5GDHC network is infeasible. The environmental assessment focuses on operational emissions (based on grid emission factor); embodied carbon is outside scope.Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaCapdevila Paramio, RoserGarcía Céspedes, Jordi20252025-09-0120252025-11-06master thesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccNAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/445584reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/4455842026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
title A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
spellingShingle A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
Chapelle, Héloïse
Geothermal resources
Heat storage
4GDHC
5GDHC, Shallow geothermal, OpenModelica, Borehole thermal energy storage, LCOH, SPF
Energia geotèrmica
Calor--Emmagatzematge
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia geotèrmica
title_short A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
title_full A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
title_fullStr A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
title_full_unstemmed A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
title_sort A Comparative study of district heating and cooling networks of 4th and 5th generation based on shallow geothermal energy: modelling and analysis using OpenModelica
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chapelle, Héloïse
author Chapelle, Héloïse
author_facet Chapelle, Héloïse
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Capdevila Paramio, Roser
García Céspedes, Jordi
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Geothermal resources
Heat storage
4GDHC
5GDHC, Shallow geothermal, OpenModelica, Borehole thermal energy storage, LCOH, SPF
Energia geotèrmica
Calor--Emmagatzematge
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia geotèrmica
topic Geothermal resources
Heat storage
4GDHC
5GDHC, Shallow geothermal, OpenModelica, Borehole thermal energy storage, LCOH, SPF
Energia geotèrmica
Calor--Emmagatzematge
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Energia geotèrmica
description Southern-European cities face a simultaneous rise in cooling demand and a policy drive to decarbonise heating and cooling, in line with european climate commitments. In response, fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) district-heating-and-cooling networks have emerged as promising solutions, with 5G representing a more recent development. This thesis compares fourth- (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) district heating and cooling (DHC) networks that use shallow-geothermal energy as a seasonal sink/source and rooftop PV as auxiliary power. Both systems are modelled in OpenModelica (Buildings 10.0.0) under identical set points (65 ◦C for space-heating/domestic hot water, 7 ◦C for space-cooling) on a two-buildings testbed, with three demand scenarios and a one-year horizon. The neutral-temperature single-pipe 5G concept outperforms the four-pipe 4G layout: overall seasonal performance factors (heating + cooling) are 3.33–3.55–2.50 (5G) vs 2.50–2.68–2.00 (4G), yielding about 25% lower electricity use and operational CO2. Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) fall in the range 101–142 €/MWh for 5G versus 130–186 €/MWh for 4G. Regarding the thermal balance of the borefield, across demand scenarios, 5G exchanges less heat with the ground (extraction – 10–32%, injection – 17–28%). In the third case studying two demand profile of two single family buildings, an additional 4GDHC scenario with a central biomass-boiler booster and heat storage (obtained from surplus rooftop PV production) reduce electricity use and CO2 by 29% vs 4G (8% vs 5G) at a LCOH of 172.8€/MWh, providing an interesting alternative where a 5GDHC network is infeasible. The environmental assessment focuses on operational emissions (based on grid emission factor); embodied carbon is outside scope.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-09-01
2025
2025-11-06
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv master thesis
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/445584
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/445584
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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