Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico

Atmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the man...

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Autores: Fuentes García, Gilberto, Sosa Echeverría, Rodolfo, Baldasano Recio, José María|||0000-0002-6191-635X, Kahl, Jonathan D.W, Granados Hernández, Elías, Alarcón Jímenez, Ana Luisa, Durán, Rafael Esteban Antonio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/364873
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/364873
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111186
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Air -- Pollution
Atmospheric emissions
Maritime zone
Maneuvering phase
Hoteling phase
Emission factor
Air pollution
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
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spelling Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in MexicoFuentes García, GilbertoSosa Echeverría, RodolfoBaldasano Recio, José María|||0000-0002-6191-635XKahl, Jonathan D.WGranados Hernández, ElíasAlarcón Jímenez, Ana LuisaDurán, Rafael Esteban AntonioAir -- PollutionAtmospheric emissionsMaritime zoneManeuvering phaseHoteling phaseEmission factorAir pollutionAire--ContaminacióÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèricaAtmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the maneuver and hoteling phases, by vessel type, from 2005 to 2020. Maritime traffic in Mexico’s Pacific zone contributes approximately with 60% of the country’s total ship emissions, with the remaining 40% in Gulf-Caribbean ports. The highest atmospheric emissions were found at the Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas ports on the Pacific coast, as well as the Altamira and Veracruz ports on the Gulf-Caribbean coast. The contribution of the atmospheric emissions by vessel type at Pacific ports was Container 67%, Bulk Carrier 32%, Tanker 0.8%, and RoRo 0.4%. For Gulf-Caribbean ports it was Container 76%, Bulk Carrier 19%, Tanker 3%, and RoRo 2%. This study incorporates the International Maritime Organization implementations on reductions of sulfur content in marine fuel, from 4.5% mass by mass from 2005 to 2011, to 3.5% from 2012 to 2019, to 0.5% beginning in 2020. Overall, sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by 89%.The authors of this study are grateful for the participation of the staff of the Sección de Contaminación Ambiental at Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Pablo Sánchez Álvarez, Elizabeth Vega Rangel, Eduardo Zamora Vargas, Daimy Ávila Rodríguez, Humberto Bravo Witt, José Téllez Hernández, Roberto Morales Yáñez. Instituto de Geografía de la UNAM: Víctor Magaña Rueda and Gustavo Vázquez Cruz. Participation of the staff of the Administración Portuaria Integral de Veracruz (APIVER): Francisco Liaño C., Socaris de la Luz, and David Augusto de la O N. Agreement between APIVER and UNAM: “Evaluación de la calidad del aire, depósito atmosférico y meteorología para desarrollar el programa para la prevención y minimización del posible deterioro ambiental significativo en el Recinto Portuario de Veracruz y en las zonas de interés”. Finally, we acknowledge Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático for supporting the postdoctoral appointment of G.F.G. at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Peer ReviewedMDPI20212021-11-0120222022-03-25journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/364873https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111186reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 3.0 Spainhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3648732026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
title Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
spellingShingle Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
Fuentes García, Gilberto
Air -- Pollution
Atmospheric emissions
Maritime zone
Maneuvering phase
Hoteling phase
Emission factor
Air pollution
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
title_short Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
title_full Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
title_fullStr Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
title_full_unstemmed Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
title_sort Atmospheric emissions in ports due to maritime traffic in Mexico
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fuentes García, Gilberto
Sosa Echeverría, Rodolfo
Baldasano Recio, José María|||0000-0002-6191-635X
Kahl, Jonathan D.W
Granados Hernández, Elías
Alarcón Jímenez, Ana Luisa
Durán, Rafael Esteban Antonio
author Fuentes García, Gilberto
author_facet Fuentes García, Gilberto
Sosa Echeverría, Rodolfo
Baldasano Recio, José María|||0000-0002-6191-635X
Kahl, Jonathan D.W
Granados Hernández, Elías
Alarcón Jímenez, Ana Luisa
Durán, Rafael Esteban Antonio
author_role author
author2 Sosa Echeverría, Rodolfo
Baldasano Recio, José María|||0000-0002-6191-635X
Kahl, Jonathan D.W
Granados Hernández, Elías
Alarcón Jímenez, Ana Luisa
Durán, Rafael Esteban Antonio
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Air -- Pollution
Atmospheric emissions
Maritime zone
Maneuvering phase
Hoteling phase
Emission factor
Air pollution
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
topic Air -- Pollution
Atmospheric emissions
Maritime zone
Maneuvering phase
Hoteling phase
Emission factor
Air pollution
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
description Atmospheric emissions from vessels at 38 Pacific and Gulf-Caribbean Mexican ports were determined for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide. The emissions have been estimated using a bottom-up methodology in the maneuver and hoteling phases, by vessel type, from 2005 to 2020. Maritime traffic in Mexico’s Pacific zone contributes approximately with 60% of the country’s total ship emissions, with the remaining 40% in Gulf-Caribbean ports. The highest atmospheric emissions were found at the Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas ports on the Pacific coast, as well as the Altamira and Veracruz ports on the Gulf-Caribbean coast. The contribution of the atmospheric emissions by vessel type at Pacific ports was Container 67%, Bulk Carrier 32%, Tanker 0.8%, and RoRo 0.4%. For Gulf-Caribbean ports it was Container 76%, Bulk Carrier 19%, Tanker 3%, and RoRo 2%. This study incorporates the International Maritime Organization implementations on reductions of sulfur content in marine fuel, from 4.5% mass by mass from 2005 to 2011, to 3.5% from 2012 to 2019, to 0.5% beginning in 2020. Overall, sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by 89%.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-11-01
2022
2022-03-25
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/364873
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111186
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/364873
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111186
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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