Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits
The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad del País Vasco |
| Repositorio: | Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/50191 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/50191 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | prostate-specific antigen genome-wide association mendelian randomization cardiovascular risk genetic-variation pooled analysis young-adults obesity overweight adiposity |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| title |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| spellingShingle |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits Vogelezang, Suzanne prostate-specific antigen genome-wide association mendelian randomization cardiovascular risk genetic-variation pooled analysis young-adults obesity overweight adiposity |
| title_short |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| title_full |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| title_fullStr |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| title_sort |
Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic Traits |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Vogelezang, Suzanne Bradfield, Jonathan P. Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Curtin, John A. Lakka, Timo A. Grarup, Niels Scholz, Markus Van der Most, Peter J. Monnereau, Claire Stergiakouli, Evie Heiskala, Anni Horikoshi, Momoko Fedko, Iryna O. Vilor Tejedor, Natalia Cousminer, Diana L. Standl, Marie Wang, Carol A. Viikari, Jorma Geller, Frank Iñiguez, Carmen Pitkanen, Niina Chesi, Alessandra Bacelis, Jonas Yengo, Loic Torrent, Maties Ntalla, Ioanna Helgeland, Oyvind Selzam, Saskia Vonk, Judith M. Zafarmand, Mohammed H. Heude, Barbara Farooqi, Ismaa Sadaf Alyass, Akram Beaumont, Robin N. Have, Christian T. Rzehak, Peter Bilbao Catalá, José Ramón Schnurr, Theresia M. Barroso, Ines Bonnelykke, Klaus Beilin, Lawrence J. Carstensen, Lisbeth Charles, Marie Aline Chawes, Bo Clement, Karine Closa Monasterolo, Ricardo Custovic, Adnan Eriksson, Johan G. Escribano, Joaquín Groen-Blokhuis, Maria Grote, Veit Gruszfeld, Dariusz Hakonarson, Hakon Hansen, Torben Hattersley, Andrew T. Hollensted, Mette Hottenga, Jouke Jan Hypponen, Elina Johansson, Stefan Joro, Raimo Kahonen, Mika Karhunen, Ville Kiess, Wieland Knight, Bridget A. Koletzko, Berthold Kuehnapfel, Andreas Landgraf, Kathrin Langhendries, Jean-Paul Lehtimaki, Terho Leinonen, Jaakko T. Li, Aihuali Lindi, Virpi Lowry, Estelle Bustamante, Mariona Medina Gómez, Carolina Melbye, Mads Michaelsen, Kim F. Morgen, Camilla S. Mori, Trevor A. Nielsen, Tenna R. H. Niinikoski, Harri Oldehinkel, Albertine J. Pahkala, Katja Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope Pedersen, Oluf Pennell, Craig E. Power, Christine Reijneveld, Sijmen A. Rivadeneira, Fernando Simpson, Angela Sly, Peter D. Stokholm, Jakob Teo, Kook K. Thiering, Elisabeth Timpson, Nicholas J. Uitterlinden, Andre G. Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. Van Schaik, Barbera D. C. Vaudel, Marc Verduci, Elvira Vinding, Rebecca K. Vogel, Mandy Zeggini, Eleftheria Sebert, Sylvain Lind, Mads V. Brown, Christopher D. Santa Marina, Loreto Reischl, Eva Frithioff-Bojsoe, Christine Meyre, David Wheeler, Eleanor Ong, Ken Nohr, Ellen A. Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. Koppelman, Gerard H. Plomin, Robert Njolstad, Pal R. Dedoussis, George D. Froguel, Philippe Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Jacobsson, Bo Freathy, Rachel M. Zemel, Babette S. Raitakari, Olli Vrijheid, Martine Feenstra, Bjarke Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka Snieder, Harold Kirsten, Holger Holt, Patrick G. Heinrich, Joachim Widen, Elisabeth Sunyer, Jordi Boomsma, Dorret I. Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Koerner, Antje Smith, George Davey Holm, Jens-Christian Atalay, Mustafa Murray, Clare Bisgaard, Hans McCarthy, Mark I. Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. Grant, Struan F. A. Felix, Janine F. |
| author |
Vogelezang, Suzanne |
| author_facet |
Vogelezang, Suzanne Bradfield, Jonathan P. Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Curtin, John A. Lakka, Timo A. Grarup, Niels Scholz, Markus Van der Most, Peter J. Monnereau, Claire Stergiakouli, Evie Heiskala, Anni Horikoshi, Momoko Fedko, Iryna O. Vilor Tejedor, Natalia Cousminer, Diana L. Standl, Marie Wang, Carol A. Viikari, Jorma Geller, Frank Iñiguez, Carmen Pitkanen, Niina Chesi, Alessandra Bacelis, Jonas Yengo, Loic Torrent, Maties Ntalla, Ioanna Helgeland, Oyvind Selzam, Saskia Vonk, Judith M. Zafarmand, Mohammed H. Heude, Barbara Farooqi, Ismaa Sadaf Alyass, Akram Beaumont, Robin N. Have, Christian T. Rzehak, Peter Bilbao Catalá, José Ramón Schnurr, Theresia M. Barroso, Ines Bonnelykke, Klaus Beilin, Lawrence J. Carstensen, Lisbeth Charles, Marie Aline Chawes, Bo Clement, Karine Closa Monasterolo, Ricardo Custovic, Adnan Eriksson, Johan G. Escribano, Joaquín Groen-Blokhuis, Maria Grote, Veit Gruszfeld, Dariusz Hakonarson, Hakon Hansen, Torben Hattersley, Andrew T. Hollensted, Mette Hottenga, Jouke Jan Hypponen, Elina Johansson, Stefan Joro, Raimo Kahonen, Mika Karhunen, Ville Kiess, Wieland Knight, Bridget A. Koletzko, Berthold Kuehnapfel, Andreas Landgraf, Kathrin Langhendries, Jean-Paul Lehtimaki, Terho Leinonen, Jaakko T. Li, Aihuali Lindi, Virpi Lowry, Estelle Bustamante, Mariona Medina Gómez, Carolina Melbye, Mads Michaelsen, Kim F. Morgen, Camilla S. Mori, Trevor A. Nielsen, Tenna R. H. Niinikoski, Harri Oldehinkel, Albertine J. Pahkala, Katja Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope Pedersen, Oluf Pennell, Craig E. Power, Christine Reijneveld, Sijmen A. Rivadeneira, Fernando Simpson, Angela Sly, Peter D. Stokholm, Jakob Teo, Kook K. Thiering, Elisabeth Timpson, Nicholas J. Uitterlinden, Andre G. Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. Van Schaik, Barbera D. C. Vaudel, Marc Verduci, Elvira Vinding, Rebecca K. Vogel, Mandy Zeggini, Eleftheria Sebert, Sylvain Lind, Mads V. Brown, Christopher D. Santa Marina, Loreto Reischl, Eva Frithioff-Bojsoe, Christine Meyre, David Wheeler, Eleanor Ong, Ken Nohr, Ellen A. Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. Koppelman, Gerard H. Plomin, Robert Njolstad, Pal R. Dedoussis, George D. Froguel, Philippe Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Jacobsson, Bo Freathy, Rachel M. Zemel, Babette S. Raitakari, Olli Vrijheid, Martine Feenstra, Bjarke Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka Snieder, Harold Kirsten, Holger Holt, Patrick G. Heinrich, Joachim Widen, Elisabeth Sunyer, Jordi Boomsma, Dorret I. Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Koerner, Antje Smith, George Davey Holm, Jens-Christian Atalay, Mustafa Murray, Clare Bisgaard, Hans McCarthy, Mark I. Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. Grant, Struan F. A. Felix, Janine F. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Bradfield, Jonathan P. Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. Curtin, John A. Lakka, Timo A. Grarup, Niels Scholz, Markus Van der Most, Peter J. Monnereau, Claire Stergiakouli, Evie Heiskala, Anni Horikoshi, Momoko Fedko, Iryna O. Vilor Tejedor, Natalia Cousminer, Diana L. Standl, Marie Wang, Carol A. Viikari, Jorma Geller, Frank Iñiguez, Carmen Pitkanen, Niina Chesi, Alessandra Bacelis, Jonas Yengo, Loic Torrent, Maties Ntalla, Ioanna Helgeland, Oyvind Selzam, Saskia Vonk, Judith M. Zafarmand, Mohammed H. Heude, Barbara Farooqi, Ismaa Sadaf Alyass, Akram Beaumont, Robin N. Have, Christian T. Rzehak, Peter Bilbao Catalá, José Ramón Schnurr, Theresia M. Barroso, Ines Bonnelykke, Klaus Beilin, Lawrence J. Carstensen, Lisbeth Charles, Marie Aline Chawes, Bo Clement, Karine Closa Monasterolo, Ricardo Custovic, Adnan Eriksson, Johan G. Escribano, Joaquín Groen-Blokhuis, Maria Grote, Veit Gruszfeld, Dariusz Hakonarson, Hakon Hansen, Torben Hattersley, Andrew T. Hollensted, Mette Hottenga, Jouke Jan Hypponen, Elina Johansson, Stefan Joro, Raimo Kahonen, Mika Karhunen, Ville Kiess, Wieland Knight, Bridget A. Koletzko, Berthold Kuehnapfel, Andreas Landgraf, Kathrin Langhendries, Jean-Paul Lehtimaki, Terho Leinonen, Jaakko T. Li, Aihuali Lindi, Virpi Lowry, Estelle Bustamante, Mariona Medina Gómez, Carolina Melbye, Mads Michaelsen, Kim F. Morgen, Camilla S. Mori, Trevor A. Nielsen, Tenna R. H. Niinikoski, Harri Oldehinkel, Albertine J. Pahkala, Katja Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope Pedersen, Oluf Pennell, Craig E. Power, Christine Reijneveld, Sijmen A. Rivadeneira, Fernando Simpson, Angela Sly, Peter D. Stokholm, Jakob Teo, Kook K. Thiering, Elisabeth Timpson, Nicholas J. Uitterlinden, Andre G. Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. Van Schaik, Barbera D. C. Vaudel, Marc Verduci, Elvira Vinding, Rebecca K. Vogel, Mandy Zeggini, Eleftheria Sebert, Sylvain Lind, Mads V. Brown, Christopher D. Santa Marina, Loreto Reischl, Eva Frithioff-Bojsoe, Christine Meyre, David Wheeler, Eleanor Ong, Ken Nohr, Ellen A. Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. Koppelman, Gerard H. Plomin, Robert Njolstad, Pal R. Dedoussis, George D. Froguel, Philippe Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Jacobsson, Bo Freathy, Rachel M. Zemel, Babette S. Raitakari, Olli Vrijheid, Martine Feenstra, Bjarke Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka Snieder, Harold Kirsten, Holger Holt, Patrick G. Heinrich, Joachim Widen, Elisabeth Sunyer, Jordi Boomsma, Dorret I. Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Koerner, Antje Smith, George Davey Holm, Jens-Christian Atalay, Mustafa Murray, Clare Bisgaard, Hans McCarthy, Mark I. Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. Grant, Struan F. A. Felix, Janine F. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
European Commission |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
prostate-specific antigen genome-wide association mendelian randomization cardiovascular risk genetic-variation pooled analysis young-adults obesity overweight adiposity |
| topic |
prostate-specific antigen genome-wide association mendelian randomization cardiovascular risk genetic-variation pooled analysis young-adults obesity overweight adiposity |
| description |
The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located nearNEDD4LandSLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (R(g)ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood. Author summary Although twin studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is highly heritable, many common genetic variants involved in the development of BMI have not yet been identified, especially in children. We studied associations of more than 40 million genetic variants with childhood BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. We identified 25 genetic variants that were associated with childhood BMI. Two of these have not been implicated for BMI previously, located close to the genesNEDD4LandSLC45A3. We also show that the genetic background of childhood BMI overlaps with that of birth weight, adult BMI, waist-to-hip-ratio, diastolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and age at menarche. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely overlap with those underlying adult BMI. However, the overlap is not complete. Additionally, the genetic backgrounds of childhood BMI and other cardio-metabolic phenotypes are overlapping. This may mean that the associations of childhood BMI and later cardio-metabolic outcomes are partially explained by shared genetics, but it could also be explained by the strong association of childhood BMI with adult BMI. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 2021 2021 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10810/50191 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10810/50191 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/322605 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/648916 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/279153 https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008718 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ Atribución 3.0 España |
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openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ Atribución 3.0 España |
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application/pdf |
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Public Library Science |
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Public Library Science |
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Universidad del País Vasco |
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Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación |
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Novel Loci for Childhood Body Mass Index and Shared Heritability with Adult Cardiometabolic TraitsVogelezang, SuzanneBradfield, Jonathan P.Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.Curtin, John A.Lakka, Timo A.Grarup, NielsScholz, MarkusVan der Most, Peter J.Monnereau, ClaireStergiakouli, EvieHeiskala, AnniHorikoshi, MomokoFedko, Iryna O.Vilor Tejedor, NataliaCousminer, Diana L.Standl, MarieWang, Carol A.Viikari, JormaGeller, FrankIñiguez, CarmenPitkanen, NiinaChesi, AlessandraBacelis, JonasYengo, LoicTorrent, MatiesNtalla, IoannaHelgeland, OyvindSelzam, SaskiaVonk, Judith M.Zafarmand, Mohammed H.Heude, BarbaraFarooqi, Ismaa SadafAlyass, AkramBeaumont, Robin N.Have, Christian T.Rzehak, PeterBilbao Catalá, José RamónSchnurr, Theresia M.Barroso, InesBonnelykke, KlausBeilin, Lawrence J.Carstensen, LisbethCharles, Marie AlineChawes, BoClement, KarineClosa Monasterolo, RicardoCustovic, AdnanEriksson, Johan G.Escribano, JoaquínGroen-Blokhuis, MariaGrote, VeitGruszfeld, DariuszHakonarson, HakonHansen, TorbenHattersley, Andrew T.Hollensted, MetteHottenga, Jouke JanHypponen, ElinaJohansson, StefanJoro, RaimoKahonen, MikaKarhunen, VilleKiess, WielandKnight, Bridget A.Koletzko, BertholdKuehnapfel, AndreasLandgraf, KathrinLanghendries, Jean-PaulLehtimaki, TerhoLeinonen, Jaakko T.Li, AihualiLindi, VirpiLowry, EstelleBustamante, MarionaMedina Gómez, CarolinaMelbye, MadsMichaelsen, Kim F.Morgen, Camilla S.Mori, Trevor A.Nielsen, Tenna R. H.Niinikoski, HarriOldehinkel, Albertine J.Pahkala, KatjaPanoutsopoulou, KalliopePedersen, OlufPennell, Craig E.Power, ChristineReijneveld, Sijmen A.Rivadeneira, FernandoSimpson, AngelaSly, Peter D.Stokholm, JakobTeo, Kook K.Thiering, ElisabethTimpson, Nicholas J.Uitterlinden, Andre G.Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M.Van Schaik, Barbera D. C.Vaudel, MarcVerduci, ElviraVinding, Rebecca K.Vogel, MandyZeggini, EleftheriaSebert, SylvainLind, Mads V.Brown, Christopher D.Santa Marina, LoretoReischl, EvaFrithioff-Bojsoe, ChristineMeyre, DavidWheeler, EleanorOng, KenNohr, Ellen A.Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M.Koppelman, Gerard H.Plomin, RobertNjolstad, Pal R.Dedoussis, George D.Froguel, PhilippeSorensen, Thorkild I. A.Jacobsson, BoFreathy, Rachel M.Zemel, Babette S.Raitakari, OlliVrijheid, MartineFeenstra, BjarkeLyytikainen, Leo-PekkaSnieder, HaroldKirsten, HolgerHolt, Patrick G.Heinrich, JoachimWiden, ElisabethSunyer, JordiBoomsma, Dorret I.Jarvelin, Marjo-RiittaKoerner, AntjeSmith, George DaveyHolm, Jens-ChristianAtalay, MustafaMurray, ClareBisgaard, HansMcCarthy, Mark I.Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.Grant, Struan F. A.Felix, Janine F.prostate-specific antigengenome-wide associationmendelian randomizationcardiovascular riskgenetic-variationpooled analysisyoung-adultsobesityoverweightadiposityThe genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located nearNEDD4LandSLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (R(g)ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood. Author summary Although twin studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is highly heritable, many common genetic variants involved in the development of BMI have not yet been identified, especially in children. We studied associations of more than 40 million genetic variants with childhood BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. We identified 25 genetic variants that were associated with childhood BMI. Two of these have not been implicated for BMI previously, located close to the genesNEDD4LandSLC45A3. We also show that the genetic background of childhood BMI overlaps with that of birth weight, adult BMI, waist-to-hip-ratio, diastolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and age at menarche. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely overlap with those underlying adult BMI. However, the overlap is not complete. Additionally, the genetic backgrounds of childhood BMI and other cardio-metabolic phenotypes are overlapping. This may mean that the associations of childhood BMI and later cardio-metabolic outcomes are partially explained by shared genetics, but it could also be explained by the strong association of childhood BMI with adult BMI.CP received funding from the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London. MMcC is a Wellcome Senior Investigator and an NIHR Senior Investigator. MMcC received funding from Wellcome (090532, 106130, 098381, 203141, 212259), NIDDK (U01DK105535), and NIHR (NF-SI-0617-10090). TGMV was supported by ZonMW (TOP 40-00812-9811010). DLC was supported by the American Diabetes Association Grant 1-17-PDF-077. SFAG is supported by the Daniel B. Burke Chair for Diabetes Research and NIH Grant R01 HD058886. NVT is funded by a pre-doctoral grant from the Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017 FI_B 00636), Generalitat de Catalunya -Fons Social Europeu. BK received personal funding from the European Research Council Advanced Grant META-GROWTH (ERC-2012-AdG -no. 322605). BF was supported by an Oak Foundation Fellowship. RMF and RNB are supported by Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (Wellcome Trust and Royal Society grant: WT104150). ATH is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award (grant number 098395/Z/12/Z). DM is supported by a Canada Research Chair. DLC was supported by the American Diabetes Association Grant 1-17-PDF077. JTL was supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation. DIB received a KNAW Academy Professor Award (PAH/6635). MH received PhD scholarship funding from TARGET (http://target.ku.dk), The Danish Diabetes Academy (http://danishdiabetesacademy.dk) and the Copenhagen Graduate School of Health and Medical Sciences. VWVJ received funding from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (VIDI 016.136.361) and the European Research Council (ERC-2014-CoG-648916). ISF was supported by the European Research Council, Wellcome Trust (098497/Z/12/Z), Medical Research Council (MRC_MC_UU_12012/5), the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, the Botnar Foundation, the Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscience Endowment and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) project Beta-JUDO n degrees 279153. IB acknowledges funding from Wellcome (WT206194). ES works in a unit that receives funding from the University of Bristol and the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/3). GDS works in the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, which is supported by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1). KC received funds from the French National Agency of Research, F-CRIN/FORCE. All funding for the studies that provided the underlying data for this manuscript can be found in S1 Text. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, data interpretation, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. EditorialPublic Library ScienceEuropean Commission202120212020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/50191reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/322605info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/648916info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/279153https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008718info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)Atribución 3.0 Españaoai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/501912026-06-18T09:23:17Z |
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15,301629 |