Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin

Heat and drought stress have triggered forest dieback episodes worldwide, affecting oak forests, particularly in hotspots of climate change such as the Mediterranean Basin. However, forecasting dieback is not straightforward. In this study, we used the earlywood anatomy to improve dieback forecasts...

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Autores: Colangelo, Michele, Gazol, Antonio, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Borghetti, Marco, Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl, Matías Resina, Luis, Castellaneta, Maria, Nola, Paola, Ripullone, Francesco
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/391773
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/391773
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105004182487
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Climate change
Earlywood anatomy
Quercus
Vessel area
Vessel distribution
Xylem
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
title Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
spellingShingle Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
Colangelo, Michele
Climate change
Earlywood anatomy
Quercus
Vessel area
Vessel distribution
Xylem
title_short Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
title_full Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
title_fullStr Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
title_full_unstemmed Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
title_sort Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean Basin
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Colangelo, Michele
Gazol, Antonio
Camarero, Jesús Julio
Borghetti, Marco
Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl
Matías Resina, Luis
Castellaneta, Maria
Nola, Paola
Ripullone, Francesco
author Colangelo, Michele
author_facet Colangelo, Michele
Gazol, Antonio
Camarero, Jesús Julio
Borghetti, Marco
Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl
Matías Resina, Luis
Castellaneta, Maria
Nola, Paola
Ripullone, Francesco
author_role author
author2 Gazol, Antonio
Camarero, Jesús Julio
Borghetti, Marco
Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl
Matías Resina, Luis
Castellaneta, Maria
Nola, Paola
Ripullone, Francesco
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv National Research Centre for Agricultural Technologies (Italy)
European Commission
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Colangelo, Michele [0000-0002-6687-3125]
Gazol, Antonio [0000-0001-5902-9543]
Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922]
Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl [0000-0002-6545-5810]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Climate change
Earlywood anatomy
Quercus
Vessel area
Vessel distribution
Xylem
topic Climate change
Earlywood anatomy
Quercus
Vessel area
Vessel distribution
Xylem
description Heat and drought stress have triggered forest dieback episodes worldwide, affecting oak forests, particularly in hotspots of climate change such as the Mediterranean Basin. However, forecasting dieback is not straightforward. In this study, we used the earlywood anatomy to improve dieback forecasts in five oak species characterized by different drought sensitivity (i.e. from high to low Quercus robur, Q. cerris, Q. frainetto and Q. canariensis, Q. humilis, Q. pubescens) across Italy and Spain. We measured radial growth, expressed as basal area increment (BAI), earlywood hydraulic diameter (Dh) and vessel area of coexisting non-declining (ND) and declining (D) trees in each stand. Then, we calculated the product between the coefficient of variation (CV) of vessel area and a spatial aggregation index (AI). High CV × AI values indicate regularly spaced vessels with variable area of vessels, while low values correspond to clustered vessels with similar area. ND trees showed higher BAI values than D trees from 10 to 40 years before the dieback onset, when ND trees grew 20-50 % more than the D trees. We observed a decline in the vessel area CV several decades prior to dieback in D trees, with the exception of Q. cerris. The AI showed higher values in ND than in D trees. Consequently, the CV × AI product was consistently higher in ND than in D trees. The CV × AI divergence between ND and D trees was pronounced in the wettest sites, specifically for Q. robur and Q. humilis. Time series of CV × AI effectively differentiated trees based on their vigor. Wood anatomy variables could be used to enhance predictions of vulnerability to drought-induced dieback. This study can help identify vulnerable trees before the onset of dieback symptoms, serving as a tool to support the management of forests prone to drought.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/391773
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105004182487
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/391773
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105004182487
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123675OB-C44
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021-129770B-C22
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179565
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179565
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Earlywood vessel characteristics are early indicators of drought-induced decline in ring-porous oak species within the Mediterranean BasinColangelo, MicheleGazol, AntonioCamarero, Jesús JulioBorghetti, MarcoSánchez-Salguero, RaúlMatías Resina, LuisCastellaneta, MariaNola, PaolaRipullone, FrancescoClimate changeEarlywood anatomyQuercusVessel areaVessel distributionXylemHeat and drought stress have triggered forest dieback episodes worldwide, affecting oak forests, particularly in hotspots of climate change such as the Mediterranean Basin. However, forecasting dieback is not straightforward. In this study, we used the earlywood anatomy to improve dieback forecasts in five oak species characterized by different drought sensitivity (i.e. from high to low Quercus robur, Q. cerris, Q. frainetto and Q. canariensis, Q. humilis, Q. pubescens) across Italy and Spain. We measured radial growth, expressed as basal area increment (BAI), earlywood hydraulic diameter (Dh) and vessel area of coexisting non-declining (ND) and declining (D) trees in each stand. Then, we calculated the product between the coefficient of variation (CV) of vessel area and a spatial aggregation index (AI). High CV × AI values indicate regularly spaced vessels with variable area of vessels, while low values correspond to clustered vessels with similar area. ND trees showed higher BAI values than D trees from 10 to 40 years before the dieback onset, when ND trees grew 20-50 % more than the D trees. We observed a decline in the vessel area CV several decades prior to dieback in D trees, with the exception of Q. cerris. The AI showed higher values in ND than in D trees. Consequently, the CV × AI product was consistently higher in ND than in D trees. The CV × AI divergence between ND and D trees was pronounced in the wettest sites, specifically for Q. robur and Q. humilis. Time series of CV × AI effectively differentiated trees based on their vigor. Wood anatomy variables could be used to enhance predictions of vulnerability to drought-induced dieback. This study can help identify vulnerable trees before the onset of dieback symptoms, serving as a tool to support the management of forests prone to drought.This study was carried out within the Agritech National Research Center and partially financed by the European Union Next-Generation funds (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) – Missione 4 Componente 2, Investimento 1.4 – D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022) This manuscript reflects only the authors' views and opinions, neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them. Additionally, this research was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) under the PRIN 2022 project titled “Improving the RESilience to climate change of ITalian oak FORests facing dieback (ResItFor)”, protocol number 202224ZHWF. AG and JJC would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the AEI through projects PID2021-123675OB-C43 and TED2021-129770B-C21. RSS would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the AEI through projects PID2021-123675OB-C44 and TED2021-129770B-C22.Peer reviewedElsevier BVNational Research Centre for Agricultural Technologies (Italy)European CommissionMinistero dell'Università e della RicercaAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Colangelo, Michele [0000-0002-6687-3125]Gazol, Antonio [0000-0001-5902-9543]Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922]Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl [0000-0002-6545-5810]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/391773https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105004182487reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123675OB-C44info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//TED2021-129770B-C22The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179565https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179565Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3917732026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15.812429

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