Lead, mercury and cadmium in umbilical cord blood and its association with parental epidemiological variables and birth factors

BACKGROUND: In Spain, few studies have evaluated prenatal exposure to heavy metals. The objective of this study was to describe lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in blood from a sample of newborn-mother-father trios, as well as to investigate the association between metals in cord blood and p...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: García-Esquinas, Esther, Perez-Gomez, Beatriz, Fernandez-Navarro, Pablo L, Fernández, Mario Antonio, de Paz, Concha, Pérez-Meixeira, Ana María, Gil, Elisa, Iriso, Andrés, Sanz, Juan Carlos, Astray, Jenaro, Cisneros, Margot, de Santos, Amparo, Asensio, Angel, García-Sagredo, José Miguel, García, José Frutos, Vioque, Jesus, Lopez-Abente, Gonzalo, Pollan-Santamaria, Marina, González, María José, Martínez, Mercedes, Aragones, Nuria
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2013
País:España
Institución:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
Repositorio:Repisalud
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/7106
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/7106
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Adult
Cadmium
Cohort Studies
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants
Female
Fetal Blood
Fetal Development
Gestational Age
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Lead
Linear Models
Male
Maternal Exposure
Mercury
Metals, Heavy
Multivariate Analysis
Needs Assessment
Paternal Exposure
Pilot Projects
Pregnancy
Spain
Urban Population
Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Pregnancy Outcome
Premature Birth
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: In Spain, few studies have evaluated prenatal exposure to heavy metals. The objective of this study was to describe lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in blood from a sample of newborn-mother-father trios, as well as to investigate the association between metals in cord blood and parental variables. We also explored the relationship between cord blood metal concentrations and child characteristics at birth. METHODS: Metal correlations among family members were assessed using Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. Linear regression was used to explore the association between parental variables and log-transformed cord blood lead and cord blood mercury concentrations. In the case of cadmium, tobit regression was used due to the existence of samples below the detection limit. The association between cord blood metal concentrations and child characteristics at birth was evaluated using linear regression. RESULTS: Geometric means for lead, mercury and cadmium were 14.09 μg/L, 6.72 μg/L and 0.27 μg/L in newborns; 19.80 μg/L, 3.90 μg/L and 0.53 μg/L in pregnant women; and 33.00 μg/L, 5.38 μg/L and 0.49 μg/L in men. Positive correlations were found between metal concentrations among members of the trio. Lead and cadmium concentrations were 15% and 22% higher in newborns from mothers who smoked during pregnancy, while mercury concentrations were 25% higher in newborns from mothers with greater fish intake. Cord-blood lead levels showed seasonal periodicity, with lower concentrations observed in winter. Cord blood cadmium concentrations over 0.29 μg/L were associated with lower 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results reinforce the need to establish biomonitoring programs in Spain, and provide support for tobacco smoke and fish consumption as important preventable sources of heavy metal exposure in newborns. Additionally, our findings support the hypothesis that cadmium exposure might be deleterious to fetal development.

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