Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are highly irradiated giant exoplanets with extremely high day-side temperatures, which lead to thermal dissociation of most molecular species. It is expected that the neutral hydrogen atom is one of the main species in the upper atmospheres of UHJs. Neutral hydrogen has be...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/239707 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/239707 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-33b |
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Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| title |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| spellingShingle |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b Yan, F. Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-33b |
| title_short |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| title_full |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| title_fullStr |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| title_sort |
Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Yan, F. Wyttenbach, A. Casasayas-Barris, N. Reiners, Ansgar Pallé, Enric Henning, Thomas Mollière, P. Czesla, S. Nortmann, L. Molaverdikhani, K. Chen, G. Snellen, Ignas A. G. Zechmeister, Mathias Huang, C. Ribas, Ignasi Quirrenbach, Andreas Caballero, J. A. Amado, Pedro J. Cont, David Khalafinejad, S. Khaimova, J. López-Puertas, Manuel Montes, David Nagel, Evangelos Oshagh, M. Pedraz, S. Stangret, M. |
| author |
Yan, F. |
| author_facet |
Yan, F. Wyttenbach, A. Casasayas-Barris, N. Reiners, Ansgar Pallé, Enric Henning, Thomas Mollière, P. Czesla, S. Nortmann, L. Molaverdikhani, K. Chen, G. Snellen, Ignas A. G. Zechmeister, Mathias Huang, C. Ribas, Ignasi Quirrenbach, Andreas Caballero, J. A. Amado, Pedro J. Cont, David Khalafinejad, S. Khaimova, J. López-Puertas, Manuel Montes, David Nagel, Evangelos Oshagh, M. Pedraz, S. Stangret, M. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Wyttenbach, A. Casasayas-Barris, N. Reiners, Ansgar Pallé, Enric Henning, Thomas Mollière, P. Czesla, S. Nortmann, L. Molaverdikhani, K. Chen, G. Snellen, Ignas A. G. Zechmeister, Mathias Huang, C. Ribas, Ignasi Quirrenbach, Andreas Caballero, J. A. Amado, Pedro J. Cont, David Khalafinejad, S. Khaimova, J. López-Puertas, Manuel Montes, David Nagel, Evangelos Oshagh, M. Pedraz, S. Stangret, M. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
German Research Foundation Max Planck Society Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) European Commission European Research Council Swiss National Science Foundation Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-33b |
| topic |
Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-33b |
| description |
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are highly irradiated giant exoplanets with extremely high day-side temperatures, which lead to thermal dissociation of most molecular species. It is expected that the neutral hydrogen atom is one of the main species in the upper atmospheres of UHJs. Neutral hydrogen has been detected in several UHJs by observing their Balmer line absorption. In this work, we report four transit observations of the UHJ WASP-33b, performed with the CARMENES and HARPS-North spectrographs, and the detection of the Hα, Hβ, and Hγ lines in the planetary transmission spectrum. The combined Hα transmission spectrum of the four transits has an absorption depth of 0.99 ± 0.05%, which corresponds to an effective radius of 1.31 ± 0.01 Rp. The strong Hα absorption indicates that the line probes the high-altitude thermosphere. We further fitted the three Balmer lines using the PAWN model, assuming that the atmosphere is hydrodynamic and in local thermodynamic equilibrium. We retrieved a thermosphere temperature 12 200-1000+1300 K and a mass-loss rate ? = 1011.8-0.5+0.6 g s-1. The retrieved high mass-loss rate is compatible with the "Balmer-driven"atmospheric escape scenario, in which the stellar Balmer continua radiation in the near-ultraviolet is substantially absorbed by excited hydrogen atoms in the planetary thermosphere. © ESO 2020. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 2021 2021 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| format |
article |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/239707 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/239707 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
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EDP Sciences |
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EDP Sciences |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Detection of the hydrogen Balmer lines in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33bYan, F.Wyttenbach, A.Casasayas-Barris, N.Reiners, AnsgarPallé, EnricHenning, ThomasMollière, P.Czesla, S.Nortmann, L.Molaverdikhani, K.Chen, G.Snellen, Ignas A. G.Zechmeister, MathiasHuang, C.Ribas, Ignasi Quirrenbach, AndreasCaballero, J. A.Amado, Pedro J.Cont, DavidKhalafinejad, S.Khaimova, J.López-Puertas, ManuelMontes, DavidNagel, EvangelosOshagh, M.Pedraz, S.Stangret, M.Planets and satellites: atmospheresTechniques: spectroscopicPlanets and satellites: individual: WASP-33bUltra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are highly irradiated giant exoplanets with extremely high day-side temperatures, which lead to thermal dissociation of most molecular species. It is expected that the neutral hydrogen atom is one of the main species in the upper atmospheres of UHJs. Neutral hydrogen has been detected in several UHJs by observing their Balmer line absorption. In this work, we report four transit observations of the UHJ WASP-33b, performed with the CARMENES and HARPS-North spectrographs, and the detection of the Hα, Hβ, and Hγ lines in the planetary transmission spectrum. The combined Hα transmission spectrum of the four transits has an absorption depth of 0.99 ± 0.05%, which corresponds to an effective radius of 1.31 ± 0.01 Rp. The strong Hα absorption indicates that the line probes the high-altitude thermosphere. We further fitted the three Balmer lines using the PAWN model, assuming that the atmosphere is hydrodynamic and in local thermodynamic equilibrium. We retrieved a thermosphere temperature 12 200-1000+1300 K and a mass-loss rate ? = 1011.8-0.5+0.6 g s-1. The retrieved high mass-loss rate is compatible with the "Balmer-driven"atmospheric escape scenario, in which the stellar Balmer continua radiation in the near-ultraviolet is substantially absorbed by excited hydrogen atoms in the planetary thermosphere. © ESO 2020.We thank the referee for the useful comments. F.Y. acknowledges the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets (RE 1664/16-1)". CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucia and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the MaxPlanck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through projects FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, and CAHA16-CE-3978, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the MINECO, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (CSIC-INTA). We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the ERDF through projects PID2019-109522GB-C51/2/3/4, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R and the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" and "Maria de Maeztu" awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), and the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. A.W. acknowledges the financial support of the SNSF by grant number P400P2_186765. P.M. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program via ERC grant 832428. I.S. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 694513. M.L. achkowledges the funding from the project ESP2017-87143-R. This work is based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundacion Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesGerman Research FoundationMax Planck SocietyMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionEuropean Research CouncilSwiss National Science FoundationConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/239707reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. 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