Incorporating fuzzy information in pricing substandard annuities

There is a growing interest in the insurance industry in offering substandard annuities. These annuities, based on medical underwriting, provide a greater pay out than the standard ones to those individuals who are expected to have a lower than average life expectancy. Medically underwritten annuiti...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Andrés Sánchez, Jorge de, González-Vila Puchades, Laura, Zhang, Aihua
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2020
Country:España
Institution:Universidad de Barcelona
Repository:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/168065
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/168065
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Conjunts borrosos
Lògica borrosa
Assegurances
Fuzzy sets
Fuzzy logic
Insurance
Description
Summary:There is a growing interest in the insurance industry in offering substandard annuities. These annuities, based on medical underwriting, provide a greater pay out than the standard ones to those individuals who are expected to have a lower than average life expectancy. Medically underwritten annuities often involve imprecise or vague information about the individuals such as health status and lifestyle. To address this issue, this paper proposes two approaches based on Fuzzy Sets Theory tools. Firstly, in order to determine substandard annuity payments, fuzzy mortality factors (also known as mortality multipliers) are introduced. These fuzzy mortality factors, modelled by means of triangular fuzzy numbers, can be estimated using conventional statistical confidence intervals. Secondly, by designing a fuzzy inference system, we demonstrate how to obtain the substandard annuity payment based on imprecise or vague personal information about annuitants. Numerical applications based on Spanish mortality data are provided for illustration. Previous article in issue