Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem
Context. Disentangling line-of-sight alignments of young stellar populations is crucial for observational studies of star-forming complexes. This task is particularly problematic in a Cygnus-X subregion where several components, located at different distances, overlap: the Berkeley 87 young massive...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/702 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/06/aa40065-20/aa40065-20.html http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/702 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Methods: observational Techniques: photometric Catalogs Open clusters and associations: individual: Berkeley 87 ISM: individual objects: ON2 Stars: formation |
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Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| title |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| spellingShingle |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem De la Fuente, Diego Methods: observational Techniques: photometric Catalogs Open clusters and associations: individual: Berkeley 87 ISM: individual objects: ON2 Stars: formation |
| title_short |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| title_full |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| title_fullStr |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| title_sort |
Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problem |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
De la Fuente, Diego Román Zúñiga, Carlos G. Jiménez Bailón, E. Alves, J. García, M. Venus, S. |
| author |
De la Fuente, Diego |
| author_facet |
De la Fuente, Diego Román Zúñiga, Carlos G. Jiménez Bailón, E. Alves, J. García, M. Venus, S. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Román Zúñiga, Carlos G. Jiménez Bailón, E. Alves, J. García, M. Venus, S. |
| author2_role |
author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
De la Fuente, D. [0000-0002-6193-7345] Generalitat Valenciana Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Methods: observational Techniques: photometric Catalogs Open clusters and associations: individual: Berkeley 87 ISM: individual objects: ON2 Stars: formation |
| topic |
Methods: observational Techniques: photometric Catalogs Open clusters and associations: individual: Berkeley 87 ISM: individual objects: ON2 Stars: formation |
| description |
Context. Disentangling line-of-sight alignments of young stellar populations is crucial for observational studies of star-forming complexes. This task is particularly problematic in a Cygnus-X subregion where several components, located at different distances, overlap: the Berkeley 87 young massive cluster, the poorly known [DB2001] Cl05 embedded cluster, and the ON2 star-forming complex, which in turn is composed of several H II regions. Aims. We provide a methodology for building an exhaustive census of young objects that can consistently treat large differences in extinction and distance. Methods. OMEGA2000 near-infrared observations of the Berkeley 87/ON2 field were merged with archival data from Gaia, Chandra, Spitzer, and Herschel and with cross-identifications from the literature. To address the incompleteness effects and selection biases that arise from the line-of-sight overlap, we adapted existing methods for extinction estimation and young object classification. We also defined the intrinsic reddening index, Rint, a new tool for separating intrinsically red sources from those whose infrared color excess is caused by extinction. Finally, we introduce a new method for finding young stellar objects based on Rint. Results. We find 571 objects whose classification is related to recent or ongoing star formation. Together with other point sources with individual estimates of distance or extinction, we compile a catalog of 3005 objects to be used for further membership work. A new distance for Berkeley 87, (1673 ± 17) pc, is estimated as a median of 13 spectroscopic members with accurate Gaia EDR3 parallaxes. Conclusions. The flexibility of our approach, especially regarding the Rint definition, allows overcoming photometric biases caused by large variations in extinction and distance in order to obtain homogeneous catalogs of young sources. The multiwavelength census that results from applying our methods to the Berkeley 87/ON2 field will serve as a basis for disentangling the overlapped populations. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 2022 2022 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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article |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/06/aa40065-20/aa40065-20.html http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/702 |
| url |
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/06/aa40065-20/aa40065-20.html http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/702 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
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Inglés |
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CONTRIBUCION ESPAÑOLA A LAS MISIONES ESPACIALES CRIOGENICAS SPICA Y ATHENA, POST-OPERACIONES DE HERSCHEL Y EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA MULTIFRECUENCIA info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P STRELLAS DE GRAN MASA COMO PROGENITORES DE SUPERNOVAS info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International © ESO 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International © ESO 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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EDP Sciences |
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EDP Sciences |
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reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial instname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) |
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1869412050116018176 |
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Clustered star formation toward Berkeley 87/ON2 I. Multiwavelength census and the population overlap problemDe la Fuente, DiegoRomán Zúñiga, Carlos G.Jiménez Bailón, E.Alves, J.García, M.Venus, S.Methods: observationalTechniques: photometricCatalogsOpen clusters and associations: individual: Berkeley 87ISM: individual objects: ON2Stars: formationContext. Disentangling line-of-sight alignments of young stellar populations is crucial for observational studies of star-forming complexes. This task is particularly problematic in a Cygnus-X subregion where several components, located at different distances, overlap: the Berkeley 87 young massive cluster, the poorly known [DB2001] Cl05 embedded cluster, and the ON2 star-forming complex, which in turn is composed of several H II regions. Aims. We provide a methodology for building an exhaustive census of young objects that can consistently treat large differences in extinction and distance. Methods. OMEGA2000 near-infrared observations of the Berkeley 87/ON2 field were merged with archival data from Gaia, Chandra, Spitzer, and Herschel and with cross-identifications from the literature. To address the incompleteness effects and selection biases that arise from the line-of-sight overlap, we adapted existing methods for extinction estimation and young object classification. We also defined the intrinsic reddening index, Rint, a new tool for separating intrinsically red sources from those whose infrared color excess is caused by extinction. Finally, we introduce a new method for finding young stellar objects based on Rint. Results. We find 571 objects whose classification is related to recent or ongoing star formation. Together with other point sources with individual estimates of distance or extinction, we compile a catalog of 3005 objects to be used for further membership work. A new distance for Berkeley 87, (1673 ± 17) pc, is estimated as a median of 13 spectroscopic members with accurate Gaia EDR3 parallaxes. Conclusions. The flexibility of our approach, especially regarding the Rint definition, allows overcoming photometric biases caused by large variations in extinction and distance in order to obtain homogeneous catalogs of young sources. The multiwavelength census that results from applying our methods to the Berkeley 87/ON2 field will serve as a basis for disentangling the overlapped populations.We thank the anonymous referee for her/his constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We are grateful to Luis Aguilar for useful suggestions about Gaia parallaxes. D.dF. acknowledges the UNAM-DGAPA postdoctoral grant, the Generalitat Valenciana APOSTD/220/228 fellowship, and the Spanish Governent AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P project. D.dF. and M.G. have received financial support from Spanish Government project ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R. C.R.-Z. acknowledges support from CONACYT project CB2017-2018 A1-S-9754. C.R.-Z. and E.J.B. acknowledge support from Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, UNAM-DGAPA, grants IN108117 and IN109217, respectively. The scientific results reported in this article are based in part on data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive. This research has made use of software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in the application package CIAO. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, ttps://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.PeerreviewEDP SciencesDe la Fuente, D. [0000-0002-6193-7345]Generalitat ValencianaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)202220222021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501application/pdfhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/06/aa40065-20/aa40065-20.htmlhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/702reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacialinstname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)InglésCONTRIBUCION ESPAÑOLA A LAS MISIONES ESPACIALES CRIOGENICAS SPICA Y ATHENA, POST-OPERACIONES DE HERSCHEL Y EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA MULTIFRECUENCIAinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA2015-68012-C2-2-PSTRELLAS DE GRAN MASA COMO PROGENITORES DE SUPERNOVASinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-86582-C4-1-RAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International© ESO 2021https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/7022026-06-23T12:46:37Z |
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15.300719 |