Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos

[EN] The ability to tailor the porous characteristics of carbon xerogels makes them potential candidates for use in a wide variety of applications, one of which as electrode materials in electrochemical devices (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries or fuel cells). These systems are attracting a lo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Canal Rodríguez, María
Tipo de recurso: tesis doctoral
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/177903
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/177903
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Xerogel
Carbono
Aerogeles
Supercondensador
Baterías de Ión-Litio
ORR
Electroquímica
id ES_808c72e1590b3003a87a8fc2e7a09f0b
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/177903
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
title Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
spellingShingle Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
Canal Rodríguez, María
Xerogel
Carbono
Aerogeles
Supercondensador
Baterías de Ión-Litio
ORR
Electroquímica
title_short Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
title_full Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
title_fullStr Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
title_full_unstemmed Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
title_sort Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Canal Rodríguez, María
author Canal Rodríguez, María
author_facet Canal Rodríguez, María
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Menéndez Díaz, J. Angel
Arenillas de la Puente, Ana
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Xerogel
Carbono
Aerogeles
Supercondensador
Baterías de Ión-Litio
ORR
Electroquímica
topic Xerogel
Carbono
Aerogeles
Supercondensador
Baterías de Ión-Litio
ORR
Electroquímica
description [EN] The ability to tailor the porous characteristics of carbon xerogels makes them potential candidates for use in a wide variety of applications, one of which as electrode materials in electrochemical devices (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries or fuel cells). These systems are attracting a lot of attention nowadays firstly, because of the continuous development of technology caused by the increasing use of electronical devices, and secondly, due to the need to reduce the use of fossil fuels in favour of cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy generation. However, to ensure their optimal performance, in addition to a tailored porosity, the electrode material in such devices needs to have a high electrical conductivity. An objective that is not easy to reach as they are normally opposite characteristics in carbon materials. In the present Doctoral Thesis three strategies were employed: (i) the addition of conductive additives to the carbonaceous structure in order to form a conductive network that facilitates the movement of electrons while preserving the control of porosity in carbon xerogels (i.e. hybrid xerogels), (ii) the graphitization or structural ordering of carbon xerogels under conventional heating and microwave heating and (iii) the graphitization of hybrid carbon xerogels. By adjusting the variables that influence the different techniques employed, it was possible to obtain carbon xerogels that combine a high volume of pores in the micro and macroporosity range and a high electrical conductivity. The materials synthesized were evaluated as electrodes in aqueous supercapacitors (i) in lithium-ion batteries (ii and iii) and as catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ii), with good results in each case, especially in the case of supercapacitors in which at high current densities, greater energy and power densities than those of the commercial material analysed under the same conditions were obtained.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2019
2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
format doctoralThesis
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/177903
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/177903
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Español
language_invalid_str_mv Español
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Xerogeles de carbono como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicosCanal Rodríguez, MaríaXerogelCarbonoAerogelesSupercondensadorBaterías de Ión-LitioORRElectroquímica[EN] The ability to tailor the porous characteristics of carbon xerogels makes them potential candidates for use in a wide variety of applications, one of which as electrode materials in electrochemical devices (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries or fuel cells). These systems are attracting a lot of attention nowadays firstly, because of the continuous development of technology caused by the increasing use of electronical devices, and secondly, due to the need to reduce the use of fossil fuels in favour of cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy generation. However, to ensure their optimal performance, in addition to a tailored porosity, the electrode material in such devices needs to have a high electrical conductivity. An objective that is not easy to reach as they are normally opposite characteristics in carbon materials. In the present Doctoral Thesis three strategies were employed: (i) the addition of conductive additives to the carbonaceous structure in order to form a conductive network that facilitates the movement of electrons while preserving the control of porosity in carbon xerogels (i.e. hybrid xerogels), (ii) the graphitization or structural ordering of carbon xerogels under conventional heating and microwave heating and (iii) the graphitization of hybrid carbon xerogels. By adjusting the variables that influence the different techniques employed, it was possible to obtain carbon xerogels that combine a high volume of pores in the micro and macroporosity range and a high electrical conductivity. The materials synthesized were evaluated as electrodes in aqueous supercapacitors (i) in lithium-ion batteries (ii and iii) and as catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ii), with good results in each case, especially in the case of supercapacitors in which at high current densities, greater energy and power densities than those of the commercial material analysed under the same conditions were obtained.[ES] La capacidad de diseñar a medida las propiedades porosas de los xerogeles de carbono, hace que estos materiales tengan una gran variedad de aplicaciones entre las que se encuentra su uso como material de electrodo en dispositivos electroquímicos (supercondensadores, baterías y pilas de combustible). Sistemas que actualmente están suscitando un gran interés debido por un lado al imparable desarrollo tecnológico motivado por el creciente uso de dispositivos electrónicos y por otro, al abandono de los combustibles fósiles y la apuesta por una generación limpia y sostenible de energía. Sin embargo, para obtener un adecuado rendimiento de los sistemas electroquímicos, además de una estructura porosa adecuada también se necesita que el material de electrodo tenga una elevada conductividad eléctrica. Objetivo que no es sencillo de alcanzar, ya que se trata de características normalmente contrapuestas en los materiales de carbono. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se han planteado tres estrategias: (i) La adición de aditivos conductores a la estructura de los xerogeles de carbono de manera que el aditivo conductor genere una red que facilite el transporte de electrones preservando el control de la estructura porosa del gel (i.e. geles híbridos), (ii) la grafitización u ordenamiento estructural de xerogeles de carbono mediante calentamiento convencional y calentamiento con microondas y (iii) la grafitización de xerogeles de carbono híbridos. Mediante el ajuste adecuado de las variables que influyen en cada técnica empleada, se obtuvieron xerogeles de carbono que combinan elevadas porosidades desde la micro hasta la macroporosidad con elevadas conductividades eléctricas. Los distintos materiales sintetizados fueron evaluados como electrodos en supercondensadores acuosos (i) en baterías ion-litio (ii y iii) y como catalizadores en la reacción de reducción de oxígeno (ii), obteniendo buenos resultados en cada uno de los dispositivos estudiados, especialmente en el caso de los supercondensadores, en los que a intensidades elevadas de trabajo se obtuvieron densidades de energía y de potencia mucho más elevadas a las del carbón utilizado como material de referencia.Peer reviewedMenéndez Díaz, J. AngelArenillas de la Puente, AnaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]201920192019info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06http://hdl.handle.net/10261/177903reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)EspañolSíinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1779032026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,812429

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