Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions

Background: One of the main barriers to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the fear of developing hypersensitivity reactions to any of its components. Although these reactions are very rare, it is necessary to establish an effective protocol to detect patients at risk of developing them. The aim of t...

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Autores: Cerda, VJ, Pacheco, RR, Witek, JD, Hernandez, SA, Garcia, RD, Panisello, MR, de la Calle, FMM
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2022
País:España
Recursos:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
Repositório:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
OAI Identifier:oai:isabial.fundanetsuite.com:p9025
Acesso em linha:https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones9025
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Anaphylaxis
Basophil activation test
Excipient allergy
Hypersensitivity
Polyethylene glycol
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 vaccines
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spelling Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactionsCerda, VJPacheco, RRWitek, JDHernandez, SAGarcia, RDPanisello, MRde la Calle, FMMAnaphylaxisBasophil activation testExcipient allergyHypersensitivityPolyethylene glycolSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 vaccinesBackground: One of the main barriers to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the fear of developing hypersensitivity reactions to any of its components. Although these reactions are very rare, it is necessary to establish an effective protocol to detect patients at risk of developing them. The aim of this study was to evaluate hypersensitivity reactions in vaccinated patients in order to allow or not to complete the vaccination protocol. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study in which patients with suspected hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were evaluated. All patients underwent skin prick test (SPT) and/or intradermal test (IDT) with the vaccines and their excipients. In patients with positive IDT with the vaccine, a histopathological and immunohistochemical study was performed by skin biopsy. A basophil activation test (BAT) and a lymphoblastic transformation test (LTT) were also performed. Results: Sixteen patients with suspected hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (12 received Comirnaty (R), 3 received Vaxzevria (R), and 1 received Spikevax (R)) were evaluated. Half had immediate hypersensitivity reactions and half had delayed reactions. All SPTs to excipients and vaccines were negative. IDTs with all excipients were negative. IDTs with vaccines were positive in 11 patients and negative in 5. The histological and immunohistochemical study of the two selected patients with positive IDT with vaccine showed T-lymphocyte involvement. BAT and LTT were negative in both cases. The vaccination protocol could be completed in 7 of 16 patients (44%) studied. The remaining 9 patients did not receive the second dose: 5 because vaccination was not required and 4 because they refused to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Thanks to the allergological and immunohistochemical study, the vaccination protocol could be completed in about half of the patients who presented suspected hypersensitivity reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. IDTs with vaccines could be a valuable method for assessing the immunogenicity of the vaccines.BMC2022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones9025Allergy Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyISSN: 17101492ISSNl: 17101484reponame:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicanteinstname:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:isabial.fundanetsuite.com:p90252026-06-12T10:20:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
title Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
spellingShingle Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
Cerda, VJ
Anaphylaxis
Basophil activation test
Excipient allergy
Hypersensitivity
Polyethylene glycol
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 vaccines
title_short Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
title_full Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
title_fullStr Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
title_full_unstemmed Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
title_sort Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Cerda, VJ
Pacheco, RR
Witek, JD
Hernandez, SA
Garcia, RD
Panisello, MR
de la Calle, FMM
author Cerda, VJ
author_facet Cerda, VJ
Pacheco, RR
Witek, JD
Hernandez, SA
Garcia, RD
Panisello, MR
de la Calle, FMM
author_role author
author2 Pacheco, RR
Witek, JD
Hernandez, SA
Garcia, RD
Panisello, MR
de la Calle, FMM
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Anaphylaxis
Basophil activation test
Excipient allergy
Hypersensitivity
Polyethylene glycol
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 vaccines
topic Anaphylaxis
Basophil activation test
Excipient allergy
Hypersensitivity
Polyethylene glycol
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 vaccines
description Background: One of the main barriers to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the fear of developing hypersensitivity reactions to any of its components. Although these reactions are very rare, it is necessary to establish an effective protocol to detect patients at risk of developing them. The aim of this study was to evaluate hypersensitivity reactions in vaccinated patients in order to allow or not to complete the vaccination protocol. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study in which patients with suspected hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were evaluated. All patients underwent skin prick test (SPT) and/or intradermal test (IDT) with the vaccines and their excipients. In patients with positive IDT with the vaccine, a histopathological and immunohistochemical study was performed by skin biopsy. A basophil activation test (BAT) and a lymphoblastic transformation test (LTT) were also performed. Results: Sixteen patients with suspected hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (12 received Comirnaty (R), 3 received Vaxzevria (R), and 1 received Spikevax (R)) were evaluated. Half had immediate hypersensitivity reactions and half had delayed reactions. All SPTs to excipients and vaccines were negative. IDTs with all excipients were negative. IDTs with vaccines were positive in 11 patients and negative in 5. The histological and immunohistochemical study of the two selected patients with positive IDT with vaccine showed T-lymphocyte involvement. BAT and LTT were negative in both cases. The vaccination protocol could be completed in 7 of 16 patients (44%) studied. The remaining 9 patients did not receive the second dose: 5 because vaccination was not required and 4 because they refused to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Thanks to the allergological and immunohistochemical study, the vaccination protocol could be completed in about half of the patients who presented suspected hypersensitivity reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. IDTs with vaccines could be a valuable method for assessing the immunogenicity of the vaccines.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones9025
url https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones9025
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology
ISSN: 17101492
ISSNl: 17101484
reponame:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
instname:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
instname_str Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
reponame_str r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
collection r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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