Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids

Near-zero-index (NZI) media have been theoretically identified as media where electromagnetic radiations behave like ideal electromagnetic fluids. Within NZI media, the electromagnetic power flow obeys equations similar to those of motion for the velocity field in an ideal fluid, so that optical tur...

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Autores: Li, Hao, Zhou, Ziheng, Sun, Wangyu, Lobet, Michaël, Engheta, Nader, Liberal Olleta, Íñigo, Li, Yue
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repositorio:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/44427
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/44427
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ideal electromagnetic fluid
Near-zer-index (NZI) media
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spelling Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluidsLi, HaoZhou, ZihengSun, WangyuLobet, MichaëlEngheta, NaderLiberal Olleta, ÍñigoLi, YueIdeal electromagnetic fluidNear-zer-index (NZI) mediaNear-zero-index (NZI) media have been theoretically identified as media where electromagnetic radiations behave like ideal electromagnetic fluids. Within NZI media, the electromagnetic power flow obeys equations similar to those of motion for the velocity field in an ideal fluid, so that optical turbulence is intrinsically inhibited. Here, we experimentally observe the electromagnetic power flow distribution of such an ideal electromagnetic fluid propagating within a cutoff waveguide by a semi-analytical reconstruction technique. This technique provides direct proof of the inhibition of electromagnetic vorticity at the NZI frequency, even in the presence of complex obstacles and topological changes in the waveguide. Phase uniformity and spatially-static field distributions, essential characteristics of NZI materials, are also observed. Measurement of the same structure outside the NZI frequency range reveals existence of vortices in the power flow, as expected for conventional optical systems. Therefore, our results provide an important step forward in the development of ideal electromagnetic fluids, and introduce a tool to explore the subwavelength behavior of NZI media including fully vectorial and phase information. Y.L. acknowledges partial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant 62022045. I.L. acknowledges support from Ramón y Cajal fellowship RYC2018-024123-I and project RTI2018-093714-301J-I00 sponsored by MCIU/AEI/FEDER/UE and ERC Starting Grant 948504.Springer NatureIngeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónIngeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenInstitute of Smart Cities - ISC2022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2454/44427reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarrainstname:Universidad Pública de NavarraInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/European Commission/Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/948504info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIU/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-093714-301J-I00© The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/444272026-06-17T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
title Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
spellingShingle Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
Li, Hao
Ideal electromagnetic fluid
Near-zer-index (NZI) media
title_short Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
title_full Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
title_fullStr Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
title_full_unstemmed Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
title_sort Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Li, Hao
Zhou, Ziheng
Sun, Wangyu
Lobet, Michaël
Engheta, Nader
Liberal Olleta, Íñigo
Li, Yue
author Li, Hao
author_facet Li, Hao
Zhou, Ziheng
Sun, Wangyu
Lobet, Michaël
Engheta, Nader
Liberal Olleta, Íñigo
Li, Yue
author_role author
author2 Zhou, Ziheng
Sun, Wangyu
Lobet, Michaël
Engheta, Nader
Liberal Olleta, Íñigo
Li, Yue
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ideal electromagnetic fluid
Near-zer-index (NZI) media
topic Ideal electromagnetic fluid
Near-zer-index (NZI) media
description Near-zero-index (NZI) media have been theoretically identified as media where electromagnetic radiations behave like ideal electromagnetic fluids. Within NZI media, the electromagnetic power flow obeys equations similar to those of motion for the velocity field in an ideal fluid, so that optical turbulence is intrinsically inhibited. Here, we experimentally observe the electromagnetic power flow distribution of such an ideal electromagnetic fluid propagating within a cutoff waveguide by a semi-analytical reconstruction technique. This technique provides direct proof of the inhibition of electromagnetic vorticity at the NZI frequency, even in the presence of complex obstacles and topological changes in the waveguide. Phase uniformity and spatially-static field distributions, essential characteristics of NZI materials, are also observed. Measurement of the same structure outside the NZI frequency range reveals existence of vortices in the power flow, as expected for conventional optical systems. Therefore, our results provide an important step forward in the development of ideal electromagnetic fluids, and introduce a tool to explore the subwavelength behavior of NZI media including fully vectorial and phase information.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2454/44427
url https://hdl.handle.net/2454/44427
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/European Commission/Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/948504
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIU/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-093714-301J-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname:Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname_str Universidad Pública de Navarra
reponame_str Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
collection Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
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