Identification of essential genes for cancer immunotherapy

Somatic gene mutations can alter the vulnerability of cancer cells to T-cell-based immunotherapies. Here we perturbed genes in human melanoma cells to mimic loss-of-function mutations involved in resistance to these therapies, by using a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 library that consisted of around 123,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Patel, Shashank J., Sanjana, Neville E., Kishton, Rigel J., Eidizadeh, Arash, Vodnala, Suman K., Cam, Maggie, Gartner, Jared J., Jia, Li, Steinberg, Seth M., Yamamoto, Tori N., Merchant, Anand S., Mehta, Gautam U., Chichura, Anna, Shalem, Ophir, Tran, Eric, Eil, Robert, Sukumar, Madhusudhanan, Pérez-Guijarro, Eva, Day, Chi-Ping, Robbins, Paul, Feldman, Steve, Merlino, Glenn, Zhang, Feng, Restifo, Nicholas P.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2017
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/346677
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/346677
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Cancer genomics
Immunosuppression Mutagenesis
Mutagenesis
Descripción
Sumario:Somatic gene mutations can alter the vulnerability of cancer cells to T-cell-based immunotherapies. Here we perturbed genes in human melanoma cells to mimic loss-of-function mutations involved in resistance to these therapies, by using a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 library that consisted of around 123,000 single-guide RNAs, and profiled genes whose loss in tumour cells impaired the effector function of CD8+ T cells. The genes that were most enriched in the screen have key roles in antigen presentation and interferon-γ signalling, and correlate with cytolytic activity in patient tumours from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Among the genes validated using different cancer cell lines and antigens, we identified multiple loss-of-function mutations in APLNR, encoding the apelin receptor, in patient tumours that were refractory to immunotherapy. We show that APLNR interacts with JAK1, modulating interferon-γ responses in tumours, and that its functional loss reduces the efficacy of adoptive cell transfer and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies in mouse models. Our results link the loss of essential genes for the effector function of CD8+ T cells with the resistance or non-responsiveness of cancer to immunotherapies.

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