Conserved Fever Pathways across Vertebrates: A Herpesvirus Expressed Decoy TNF-a Receptor Delays Behavioral Fever in Fish

Both endotherms and ectotherms (e.g., fish) increase their body temperature to limit pathogen infection. Ectotherms do so by moving to warmer places, hence the term “behavioral fever.” We studied the manifestation of behavioral fever in the common carp infected by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, a native ca...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Rakus, Krzysztof, Ronsmans, Maygane, Forlenza, Maria, Boutier, Maxime, Piazzon de Haro, María Carla, Jazowiecka-Rakus, Joanna, Gatherer, Derek, Athanasiadis, Alekos, Farnir, Frédérik, Davison, Andrew J., Boudinot, Pierre, Michiels, Thomas, Wiegertjes, Geert F., Vanderplasschen, Alain
Format: article
Publication Date:2017
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/344895
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/344895
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:behavioral fever
fever
herpesvirus
cyprinid herpesvirus 3
host-virus interactions
pathogen-host-environment interplay
immune evasion mechanisms
Innate immunity
tumor necrosis factor α
viral decoy receptor for cytokine
Description
Summary:Both endotherms and ectotherms (e.g., fish) increase their body temperature to limit pathogen infection. Ectotherms do so by moving to warmer places, hence the term “behavioral fever.” We studied the manifestation of behavioral fever in the common carp infected by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, a native carp pathogen. Carp maintained at 24°C died from the infection, whereas those housed in multi-chamber tanks encompassing a 24°C–32°C gradient migrated transiently to the warmest compartment and survived as a consequence. Behavioral fever manifested only at advanced stages of infection. Consistent with this, expression of CyHV-3 ORF12, encoding a soluble decoy receptor for TNF-α, delayed the manifestation of behavioral fever and promoted CyHV-3 replication in the context of a temperature gradient. Injection of anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibodies suppressed behavioral fever, and decreased fish survival in response to infection. This study provides a unique example of how viruses have evolved to alter host behavior to increase fitness.

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