Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial

Background: Adolescence, when the most complex behaviors are refined to adult sophistication, represents a major window of opportunity and vulnerability for neuropsychological development. To support and protect this complex and active brain growth, different nutritional components considered essent...

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Autores: Julvez, Jordi, Gignac, Florence, Fernandez-Barres, Silvia, Romaguera, Dora, Sala-Vila, Aleix, Ranzani, Otavio T, Persavento, Cecilia, Delgado, Anna, Carol, Albert, Torrent, Jaume, Gonzalez, Judith, Roso, Eduard, Barrera-Gómez, Jose, Lopez-Vicente, Monica, Garcia-Esteban, Raquel, Boucher, Olivier, Forns, Joan, Burgaleta, Miguel, Sebastian-Galles, Nuria, Canals, Josefina, Arija, Victoria, Basagaña, Xavier, Ros, Emilio, Vendrell, Joan, Salas-Salvado, Jordi, Sunyer, Jordi
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repositorio:Docusalut
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/19906
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19906
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:neuropsychological development
dietary intervention
walnuts
omega-3 PUFA
ALA
randomized controlled trial
adolescence
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spelling Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention TrialJulvez, JordiGignac, FlorenceFernandez-Barres, SilviaRomaguera, DoraSala-Vila, AleixRanzani, Otavio TPersavento, CeciliaDelgado, AnnaCarol, AlbertTorrent, JaumeGonzalez, JudithRoso, EduardBarrera-Gómez, JoseLopez-Vicente, MonicaGarcia-Esteban, RaquelBoucher, OlivierForns, JoanBurgaleta, MiguelSebastian-Galles, NuriaCanals, JosefinaArija, VictoriaBasagaña, XavierRos, EmilioVendrell, JoanSalas-Salvado, JordiSunyer, Jordineuropsychological developmentdietary interventionwalnutsomega-3 PUFAALArandomized controlled trialadolescenceBackground: Adolescence, when the most complex behaviors are refined to adult sophistication, represents a major window of opportunity and vulnerability for neuropsychological development. To support and protect this complex and active brain growth, different nutritional components considered essential need to be acquired from the diet. For instance, omega-3 fatty acids are mainly obtained from seafood, seeds, and walnuts. Known for their rich lipid profile, walnuts contain sizable amounts of an essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable omega-3 fatty acid that is the precursor of two longer-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA): docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. While there is growing evidence of neuropsychological improvements in the young developing brain associated with omega-3 PUFA intake, few studies have examined whether consuming walnuts during adolescence entails similar beneficial effects. There is a need to further explore the ways in which walnuts influence youthful brain function, particularly for the long-term. Thus, we designed the WALNUTs study (WSS), a population-based randomized controlled trial conducted in adolescents in Barcelona, Spain. We hypothesize that walnut intake will increase omega-3 PUFA tissue availability (particularly ALA) to a level that enhances the neuropsychological development during adolescence. Methodology/Design: We conducted a 6-month population-based randomized controlled trial in teenagers (n = 800) and we aimed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention (four walnuts per day, or 30 kernel g, similar to 1.5g of ALA) in enhancing brain neuropsychological and socio-emotional development compared to a control group with no walnut intervention. Before randomization, different neuropsychological tests were recorded for all participants, and blood samples (in a subsample of participants) were collected to measure omega-3 PUFA levels at baseline, and all again, after randomization and the intervention. The data is now collected and we will conduct linear regression models to assess the effect of the intervention. Discussion: The WALNUTs (WSS) study results will allow us to better understand the role of plant-based omega-3 PUFA intake from regular walnut consumption on neuropsychological development during adolescence. Results could be translated into nutritional public health recommendations targeting teenagers.Frontiers Media Sa20212021-06-0820212021-06-08research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19906reponame:Docusalutinstname:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes BalearsInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/199062026-06-22T12:44:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
title Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
spellingShingle Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
Julvez, Jordi
neuropsychological development
dietary intervention
walnuts
omega-3 PUFA
ALA
randomized controlled trial
adolescence
title_short Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
title_full Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
title_fullStr Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
title_full_unstemmed Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
title_sort Walnuts, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Adolescent Brain Development: Protocol for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Julvez, Jordi
Gignac, Florence
Fernandez-Barres, Silvia
Romaguera, Dora
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Ranzani, Otavio T
Persavento, Cecilia
Delgado, Anna
Carol, Albert
Torrent, Jaume
Gonzalez, Judith
Roso, Eduard
Barrera-Gómez, Jose
Lopez-Vicente, Monica
Garcia-Esteban, Raquel
Boucher, Olivier
Forns, Joan
Burgaleta, Miguel
Sebastian-Galles, Nuria
Canals, Josefina
Arija, Victoria
Basagaña, Xavier
Ros, Emilio
Vendrell, Joan
Salas-Salvado, Jordi
Sunyer, Jordi
author Julvez, Jordi
author_facet Julvez, Jordi
Gignac, Florence
Fernandez-Barres, Silvia
Romaguera, Dora
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Ranzani, Otavio T
Persavento, Cecilia
Delgado, Anna
Carol, Albert
Torrent, Jaume
Gonzalez, Judith
Roso, Eduard
Barrera-Gómez, Jose
Lopez-Vicente, Monica
Garcia-Esteban, Raquel
Boucher, Olivier
Forns, Joan
Burgaleta, Miguel
Sebastian-Galles, Nuria
Canals, Josefina
Arija, Victoria
Basagaña, Xavier
Ros, Emilio
Vendrell, Joan
Salas-Salvado, Jordi
Sunyer, Jordi
author_role author
author2 Gignac, Florence
Fernandez-Barres, Silvia
Romaguera, Dora
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Ranzani, Otavio T
Persavento, Cecilia
Delgado, Anna
Carol, Albert
Torrent, Jaume
Gonzalez, Judith
Roso, Eduard
Barrera-Gómez, Jose
Lopez-Vicente, Monica
Garcia-Esteban, Raquel
Boucher, Olivier
Forns, Joan
Burgaleta, Miguel
Sebastian-Galles, Nuria
Canals, Josefina
Arija, Victoria
Basagaña, Xavier
Ros, Emilio
Vendrell, Joan
Salas-Salvado, Jordi
Sunyer, Jordi
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv neuropsychological development
dietary intervention
walnuts
omega-3 PUFA
ALA
randomized controlled trial
adolescence
topic neuropsychological development
dietary intervention
walnuts
omega-3 PUFA
ALA
randomized controlled trial
adolescence
description Background: Adolescence, when the most complex behaviors are refined to adult sophistication, represents a major window of opportunity and vulnerability for neuropsychological development. To support and protect this complex and active brain growth, different nutritional components considered essential need to be acquired from the diet. For instance, omega-3 fatty acids are mainly obtained from seafood, seeds, and walnuts. Known for their rich lipid profile, walnuts contain sizable amounts of an essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable omega-3 fatty acid that is the precursor of two longer-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA): docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. While there is growing evidence of neuropsychological improvements in the young developing brain associated with omega-3 PUFA intake, few studies have examined whether consuming walnuts during adolescence entails similar beneficial effects. There is a need to further explore the ways in which walnuts influence youthful brain function, particularly for the long-term. Thus, we designed the WALNUTs study (WSS), a population-based randomized controlled trial conducted in adolescents in Barcelona, Spain. We hypothesize that walnut intake will increase omega-3 PUFA tissue availability (particularly ALA) to a level that enhances the neuropsychological development during adolescence. Methodology/Design: We conducted a 6-month population-based randomized controlled trial in teenagers (n = 800) and we aimed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention (four walnuts per day, or 30 kernel g, similar to 1.5g of ALA) in enhancing brain neuropsychological and socio-emotional development compared to a control group with no walnut intervention. Before randomization, different neuropsychological tests were recorded for all participants, and blood samples (in a subsample of participants) were collected to measure omega-3 PUFA levels at baseline, and all again, after randomization and the intervention. The data is now collected and we will conduct linear regression models to assess the effect of the intervention. Discussion: The WALNUTs (WSS) study results will allow us to better understand the role of plant-based omega-3 PUFA intake from regular walnut consumption on neuropsychological development during adolescence. Results could be translated into nutritional public health recommendations targeting teenagers.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-06-08
2021
2021-06-08
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19906
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19906
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media Sa
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media Sa
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docusalut
instname:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
instname_str Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
reponame_str Docusalut
collection Docusalut
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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