Genome-Wide Demographic Analyses of Balaenid Whales Revealed Complex History of Gene Flow Associated with Past Climate Oscillation

The balaenid whale, comprising three species of right whales and the bowhead whale, represents an ancient and highly endangered lineage of marine mammals. To unravel the evolutionary history of balaenid whales with respect to gene flow, a comprehensive analysis based on whole-genome data was conduct...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Lo, Bai-Wei, Martínez Real, Francisca, Magg, Andreas, Pierce Wise, John, Mundlos, Stefan, Franchini, Paolo
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/394412
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/394412
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Gene flow
Introgression
Balaenidae
Right whale
Bowhead whale
Cetaceans
Description
Summary:The balaenid whale, comprising three species of right whales and the bowhead whale, represents an ancient and highly endangered lineage of marine mammals. To unravel the evolutionary history of balaenid whales with respect to gene flow, a comprehensive analysis based on whole-genome data was conducted for all species within this group. Employing population genomic methodologies, we revealed that extant right whales form an unresolved branching pattern, identified evidence of historical transequatorial migration, and provided estimates of the age of the group. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of glacial cycles on the connectivity of bowhead whale populations. By employing multiple complementary approaches to detect gene flow, we identified and characterized gene flow events from bowhead whales to North Atlantic right whales, offering detailed insights into the process. Lastly, we assessed the phenotypic consequences of interspecies gene flow. Our study sheds light on the intricate evolutionary history of modern balaenid whales, which have been profoundly shaped by ancient climate events.