Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010

Significant reductions in emissions of SO2, NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate matter (PM) took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. We evaluate here our understanding of the links between these emissions changes and corresponding changes in concentrations and health outco...

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Autores: Skyllakou, Ksakousti, Garcia Rivera, Pablo, Dinkelacker, Brian, Karnezi, Eleni, Kioutsioukis, Ioannis, Hernandez, Carlos, Adams, Peter J., Pandis, Spyros N.
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/357307
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/357307
https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Air quality
Sulfur dioxide--Environmental aspects
Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas
Pollutant emissions
Reductions in emissions
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
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spelling Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010Skyllakou, KsakoustiGarcia Rivera, PabloDinkelacker, BrianKarnezi, EleniKioutsioukis, IoannisHernandez, CarlosAdams, Peter J.Pandis, Spyros N.Air qualitySulfur dioxide--Environmental aspectsEmissions reduction, Greenhouse gasPollutant emissionsAir qualityReductions in emissionsVolatile organic compounds (VOCs)Aire--ContaminacióÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèricaSignificant reductions in emissions of SO2, NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate matter (PM) took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. We evaluate here our understanding of the links between these emissions changes and corresponding changes in concentrations and health outcomes using a chemical transport model, the Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (PMCAMx), for 1990, 2001, and 2010. The use of the Particle Source Apportionment Algorithm (PSAT) allows us to link the concentration reductions to the sources of the corresponding primary and secondary PM. The reductions in SO2 emissions (64 %, mainly from electric-generating units) during these 20 years have dominated the reductions in PM2.5, leading to a 45 % reduction in sulfate levels. The predicted sulfate reductions are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. Also, the reductions in elemental carbon (EC) emissions (mainly from transportation) have led to a 30 % reduction in EC concentrations. The most important source of organic aerosol (OA) through the years according to PMCAMx is biomass burning, followed by biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). OA from on-road transport has been reduced by more than a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning OA and biogenic SOA have been modest. In 1990, about half of the US population was exposed to annual average PM2.5 concentrations above 20 µg m−3, but by 2010 this fraction had dropped to practically zero. The predicted changes in concentrations are evaluated against the observed changes for 1990, 2001, and 2010 in order to understand whether the model represents reasonably well the corresponding processes caused by the changes in emissions.This work was supported by the Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions (CACES), which was supported under assistance agreement no. R835873 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Horizon-2020 Project REMEDIA of the European Union under grant agreement no. 874753.Peer ReviewedCopernicus Publications20212021-01-0120212021-11-30journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/357307https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 3.0 Spainhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/Attribution 3.0 Spainhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3573072026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
spellingShingle Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
Skyllakou, Ksakousti
Air quality
Sulfur dioxide--Environmental aspects
Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas
Pollutant emissions
Air quality
Reductions in emissions
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
title_short Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_full Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_fullStr Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_full_unstemmed Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_sort Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Skyllakou, Ksakousti
Garcia Rivera, Pablo
Dinkelacker, Brian
Karnezi, Eleni
Kioutsioukis, Ioannis
Hernandez, Carlos
Adams, Peter J.
Pandis, Spyros N.
author Skyllakou, Ksakousti
author_facet Skyllakou, Ksakousti
Garcia Rivera, Pablo
Dinkelacker, Brian
Karnezi, Eleni
Kioutsioukis, Ioannis
Hernandez, Carlos
Adams, Peter J.
Pandis, Spyros N.
author_role author
author2 Garcia Rivera, Pablo
Dinkelacker, Brian
Karnezi, Eleni
Kioutsioukis, Ioannis
Hernandez, Carlos
Adams, Peter J.
Pandis, Spyros N.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Air quality
Sulfur dioxide--Environmental aspects
Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas
Pollutant emissions
Air quality
Reductions in emissions
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
topic Air quality
Sulfur dioxide--Environmental aspects
Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas
Pollutant emissions
Air quality
Reductions in emissions
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Aire--Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica
description Significant reductions in emissions of SO2, NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate matter (PM) took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. We evaluate here our understanding of the links between these emissions changes and corresponding changes in concentrations and health outcomes using a chemical transport model, the Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (PMCAMx), for 1990, 2001, and 2010. The use of the Particle Source Apportionment Algorithm (PSAT) allows us to link the concentration reductions to the sources of the corresponding primary and secondary PM. The reductions in SO2 emissions (64 %, mainly from electric-generating units) during these 20 years have dominated the reductions in PM2.5, leading to a 45 % reduction in sulfate levels. The predicted sulfate reductions are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. Also, the reductions in elemental carbon (EC) emissions (mainly from transportation) have led to a 30 % reduction in EC concentrations. The most important source of organic aerosol (OA) through the years according to PMCAMx is biomass burning, followed by biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). OA from on-road transport has been reduced by more than a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning OA and biogenic SOA have been modest. In 1990, about half of the US population was exposed to annual average PM2.5 concentrations above 20 µg m−3, but by 2010 this fraction had dropped to practically zero. The predicted changes in concentrations are evaluated against the observed changes for 1990, 2001, and 2010 in order to understand whether the model represents reasonably well the corresponding processes caused by the changes in emissions.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021-01-01
2021
2021-11-30
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/357307
https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/357307
https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Attribution 3.0 Spain
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Copernicus Publications
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Copernicus Publications
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300719

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