Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges

Radial age gradients hold the cumulative record for the multitude of physical processes driving the build-up of stellar populations and the ensuing star formation (SF) quenching process in galaxy bulges and, therefore, potentially sensitive discriminators between competing theoretical concepts on bu...

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Autores: Breda, Iris, Papaderos, Polychronis, Gomes, Jean Michel, Vílchez Medina, José Manuel, Ziegler, Bodo L., Hirschmann, Michaela, Cardoso, Leandro S. M., Lagos, Patricio, Buitrago, Fernando
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/213528
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/213528
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: spiral
Galaxies: bulges
Galaxies: evolution
id ES_7ca5cc974bd02ecca5371ca368b18ced
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/213528
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
title Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
spellingShingle Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
Breda, Iris
Galaxies: spiral
Galaxies: bulges
Galaxies: evolution
title_short Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
title_full Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
title_fullStr Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
title_full_unstemmed Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
title_sort Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulges
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Breda, Iris
Papaderos, Polychronis
Gomes, Jean Michel
Vílchez Medina, José Manuel
Ziegler, Bodo L.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Cardoso, Leandro S. M.
Lagos, Patricio
Buitrago, Fernando
author Breda, Iris
author_facet Breda, Iris
Papaderos, Polychronis
Gomes, Jean Michel
Vílchez Medina, José Manuel
Ziegler, Bodo L.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Cardoso, Leandro S. M.
Lagos, Patricio
Buitrago, Fernando
author_role author
author2 Papaderos, Polychronis
Gomes, Jean Michel
Vílchez Medina, José Manuel
Ziegler, Bodo L.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Cardoso, Leandro S. M.
Lagos, Patricio
Buitrago, Fernando
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: spiral
Galaxies: bulges
Galaxies: evolution
topic Galaxies: spiral
Galaxies: bulges
Galaxies: evolution
description Radial age gradients hold the cumulative record for the multitude of physical processes driving the build-up of stellar populations and the ensuing star formation (SF) quenching process in galaxy bulges and, therefore, potentially sensitive discriminators between competing theoretical concepts on bulge formation and evolution. Based on spectral modeling of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data from the CALIFA survey, we derived mass- and light-weighted stellar age gradients (δ(t∗B)L,M) within the photometrically determined bulge radius (RB) of a representative sample of local face-on late-type galaxies that span 2.6 dex in stellar mass (8.9 ≤ logM∗T ≤ 11.5). Our analysis documents a trend of decreasing δ(t∗B)L,M with increasing M∗T, with high-mass bulges predominantly showing negative age gradients and vice versa. The inversion from positive to negative δ(t∗B)L,M occurs at logM∗T ' 10, which roughly coincides with the transition from lower-mass bulges whose gas excitation is powered by SF to bulges classified as composite, LINER, or Seyfert. We discuss two simple limiting cases for the origin of radial age gradients in massive late-type galaxy bulges. The first one assumes that the stellar age in the bulge is initially spatially uniform (δ(t∗B)L,M ≈ 0), thus the observed age gradients (~-3 Gyr/RB) arise from an inside-out SF quenching (ioSFQ) front that is radially expanding with a mean velocity vq. In this case, the age gradients for massive bulges translate into a slow (vq ~1-2 km s-1) ioSFQ that lasts until z ~ 2, suggesting mild negative feedback by SF or an active galactic nucleus (AGN). If, on the other hand, negative age gradients in massive bulges are not due to ioSFQ but primarily due to their inside-out formation process, then the standard hypothesis of quasi-monolithic bulge formation has to be discarded in favor of another scenario. This would involve a gradual buildup of stellar mass over 2-3 Gyr through, for instance, inside-out SF and inward migration of SF clumps from the disk. In this case, rapid (≪1 Gyr) AGN-driven ioSFQ cannot be ruled out. While theM∗T versus δ(t∗B)L,M relation suggests that the assembly history of bulges is primarily regulated by galaxy mass, its large scatter (~1.7 Gyr/RB) reflects a considerable diversity. This calls for an in-depth examination of the role of various processes (e.g., negative and positive AGN feedback, bar-driven gas inflows) with higher-quality IFS data in conjunction with advanced spectral modeling codes. © 2020 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/213528
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/213528
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937193

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Stellar age gradients and inside-out star formation quenching in galaxy bulgesBreda, IrisPapaderos, PolychronisGomes, Jean MichelVílchez Medina, José ManuelZiegler, Bodo L.Hirschmann, MichaelaCardoso, Leandro S. M.Lagos, PatricioBuitrago, FernandoGalaxies: spiralGalaxies: bulgesGalaxies: evolutionRadial age gradients hold the cumulative record for the multitude of physical processes driving the build-up of stellar populations and the ensuing star formation (SF) quenching process in galaxy bulges and, therefore, potentially sensitive discriminators between competing theoretical concepts on bulge formation and evolution. Based on spectral modeling of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data from the CALIFA survey, we derived mass- and light-weighted stellar age gradients (δ(t∗B)L,M) within the photometrically determined bulge radius (RB) of a representative sample of local face-on late-type galaxies that span 2.6 dex in stellar mass (8.9 ≤ logM∗T ≤ 11.5). Our analysis documents a trend of decreasing δ(t∗B)L,M with increasing M∗T, with high-mass bulges predominantly showing negative age gradients and vice versa. The inversion from positive to negative δ(t∗B)L,M occurs at logM∗T ' 10, which roughly coincides with the transition from lower-mass bulges whose gas excitation is powered by SF to bulges classified as composite, LINER, or Seyfert. We discuss two simple limiting cases for the origin of radial age gradients in massive late-type galaxy bulges. The first one assumes that the stellar age in the bulge is initially spatially uniform (δ(t∗B)L,M ≈ 0), thus the observed age gradients (~-3 Gyr/RB) arise from an inside-out SF quenching (ioSFQ) front that is radially expanding with a mean velocity vq. In this case, the age gradients for massive bulges translate into a slow (vq ~1-2 km s-1) ioSFQ that lasts until z ~ 2, suggesting mild negative feedback by SF or an active galactic nucleus (AGN). If, on the other hand, negative age gradients in massive bulges are not due to ioSFQ but primarily due to their inside-out formation process, then the standard hypothesis of quasi-monolithic bulge formation has to be discarded in favor of another scenario. This would involve a gradual buildup of stellar mass over 2-3 Gyr through, for instance, inside-out SF and inward migration of SF clumps from the disk. In this case, rapid (≪1 Gyr) AGN-driven ioSFQ cannot be ruled out. While theM∗T versus δ(t∗B)L,M relation suggests that the assembly history of bulges is primarily regulated by galaxy mass, its large scatter (~1.7 Gyr/RB) reflects a considerable diversity. This calls for an in-depth examination of the role of various processes (e.g., negative and positive AGN feedback, bar-driven gas inflows) with higher-quality IFS data in conjunction with advanced spectral modeling codes. © 2020 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.We thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions. Additionally, we thank the EU for providing to Portugal a substantial fraction of the financial resources that allowed it to sustain a research infrastructure in astrophysics. Specifically, this work was carried out at an institute whose funding is provided to 85% by th e EU via the FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) apparatus, through European and national funding via FEDER through COMPETE by the grants UID/FIS/04434/2013 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672 and PTDC/FIS-AST/3214/2012 & FCOMP01-0124-FEDER-029170. Additionally, this work was supported through FCT grants UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. We further acknowledge support by European Community Programme (FP7/20072013) under grant agreement No. PIRSES-GA-2013-612701 (SELGIFS). We are grateful to Dr. Dimitri Gadotti, Prof. Daniel Schaerer and Dr. Andrew Humphrey for valuable comments. I. B. was supported by the FCT PhD::SPACE Doctoral Network (PD/00040/2012) through the fellowship PD/BD/52707/2014 funded by FCT (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC) and by the fellowship CAUP07/2014-BI in the context of the FCT project PTDC/FIS-AST/3214/2012 & FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029170. P. P. was supported through Investigador FCT contract IF/01220/2013/CP1191/CT0002 and by a contract that is supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) and by grant PTDC/FIS-AST/29245/2017. J. M. G. is supported by the fellowship CIAAUP-04/2016-BPD in the context of the FCT project UID/FIS/04434/2013 & POCI01-0145-FEDER-007672 and acknowledges the previous support by the fellowships SFRH/BPD/66958/2009 funded by FCT and POPH/FSE (EC) and DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0003. L. S. M. C. acknowledges support by the project "Enabling Green E-science for the SKA Research Infrastructure (ENGAGE SKA)" (reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217), funded by COMPETE 2020 and FCT. P.L. acknowledges support by DL57/2016/CP1364/CT0010. F. B. acknowledges the support by FCT via the postdoctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/103958/2014. This study uses data provided by the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey (califa.caha.es), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science under grant ICTS-2009-10, and the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman. It is based on observations collected at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202020202020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/213528reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937193Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2135282026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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