Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment

Aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries are a prominent example of ultrahigh energy density batteries. Although Li–O2 batteries hold a great potential for large-scale electrochemical energy storage and electric vehicles, their implementation is lagging due to the complex reactions occurring at the...

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Autores: Iturrondobeitia Ellacuria, Maider, Akizu Gardoki, Ortzi, Mínguez Gabiña, Rikardo, Lizundia Fernández, Erlantz
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/71679
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/71679
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:energy storage
lithium-oxygen batteries
life cycle assessment
environmental impact
ecodesign
circular economy
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spelling Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle AssessmentIturrondobeitia Ellacuria, MaiderAkizu Gardoki, OrtziMínguez Gabiña, RikardoLizundia Fernández, Erlantzenergy storagelithium-oxygen batterieslife cycle assessmentenvironmental impactecodesigncircular economyAprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries are a prominent example of ultrahigh energy density batteries. Although Li–O2 batteries hold a great potential for large-scale electrochemical energy storage and electric vehicles, their implementation is lagging due to the complex reactions occurring at the cathode. Great effort has been applied to find practical cathodes through the incorporation of different materials acting as catalysts. Here we tap into the quantification of the environmental footprint of seven high-performance Li–O2 batteries. The batteries were standardized to feed a 60 kWh electric vehicle. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to determine and compare how different batteries and respective components contribute to environmental footprints, categorized in 18 groups. To get a bigger picture, results are compared with the environmental burdens of a reference lithium ion battery, reference sodium ion battery, and the average value of lithium–sulfur batteries. Overall, Li–O2 batteries present lower environmental burdens in 9 impact categories, with similar impacts in 5 categories in comparison with lithium–sulfur and lithium ion batteries. With an average value of 55.76 kg·CO2 equiv in Global Warming Potential for the whole Li–O2 battery, the cathode is the major contributor, with a relative weight of 44.5%. These results provide a road map to enable the practical design of sustainable aprotic Li–O2 batteries within a circular economy perspective.ACS202520252021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/71679reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoIngléshttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01554info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/716792026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
title Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
spellingShingle Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
Iturrondobeitia Ellacuria, Maider
energy storage
lithium-oxygen batteries
life cycle assessment
environmental impact
ecodesign
circular economy
title_short Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
title_full Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
title_fullStr Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
title_full_unstemmed Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
title_sort Environmental impact analysis of aprotic Li–O2 batteries based on Life Cycle Assessment
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Iturrondobeitia Ellacuria, Maider
Akizu Gardoki, Ortzi
Mínguez Gabiña, Rikardo
Lizundia Fernández, Erlantz
author Iturrondobeitia Ellacuria, Maider
author_facet Iturrondobeitia Ellacuria, Maider
Akizu Gardoki, Ortzi
Mínguez Gabiña, Rikardo
Lizundia Fernández, Erlantz
author_role author
author2 Akizu Gardoki, Ortzi
Mínguez Gabiña, Rikardo
Lizundia Fernández, Erlantz
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv energy storage
lithium-oxygen batteries
life cycle assessment
environmental impact
ecodesign
circular economy
topic energy storage
lithium-oxygen batteries
life cycle assessment
environmental impact
ecodesign
circular economy
description Aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries are a prominent example of ultrahigh energy density batteries. Although Li–O2 batteries hold a great potential for large-scale electrochemical energy storage and electric vehicles, their implementation is lagging due to the complex reactions occurring at the cathode. Great effort has been applied to find practical cathodes through the incorporation of different materials acting as catalysts. Here we tap into the quantification of the environmental footprint of seven high-performance Li–O2 batteries. The batteries were standardized to feed a 60 kWh electric vehicle. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to determine and compare how different batteries and respective components contribute to environmental footprints, categorized in 18 groups. To get a bigger picture, results are compared with the environmental burdens of a reference lithium ion battery, reference sodium ion battery, and the average value of lithium–sulfur batteries. Overall, Li–O2 batteries present lower environmental burdens in 9 impact categories, with similar impacts in 5 categories in comparison with lithium–sulfur and lithium ion batteries. With an average value of 55.76 kg·CO2 equiv in Global Warming Potential for the whole Li–O2 battery, the cathode is the major contributor, with a relative weight of 44.5%. These results provide a road map to enable the practical design of sustainable aprotic Li–O2 batteries within a circular economy perspective.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/71679
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/71679
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01554
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv ACS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv ACS
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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