The role of HMB supplementation in enhancing the effects of resistance training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis on muscle quality, body composition, and physical function
Background/objectives: Resistance training (RT) is a key strategy to counteract age-related declines in muscle strength and physical function. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been proposed as a complementary supplement to enhance these adaptations. However, the additional effects of RT plus HMB...
| Autores: | , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Salamanca (USAL) |
| Repositorio: | GREDOS. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Salamanca |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:gredos.usal.es:10366/168375 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10366/168375 |
| Access Level: | acceso embargado |
| Palabra clave: | aging body composition resistance training β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate Body Composition Resistance Training Aging entrenamiento de resistencia envejecimiento composición corporal |
| Sumario: | Background/objectives: Resistance training (RT) is a key strategy to counteract age-related declines in muscle strength and physical function. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been proposed as a complementary supplement to enhance these adaptations. However, the additional effects of RT plus HMB (RT+HMB) compared with RT alone remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of RT+HMB versus RT alone on body composition, muscle quality (MQ), and physical function in older adults. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251144810), six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) were searched up to July 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing RT+HMB with RT alone were included. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Ten trials (n = 596) met inclusion criteria. RT+HMB produced modest and borderline significant improvements in handgrip strength (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.00-0.48; p = 0.05) and moderate benefits in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.12-0.95; p = 0.01). No significant effects were observed for gait speed, appendicular lean mass, MQ, fat mass, or body weight (p > 0.05). Five trials (50%) were rated at high risk of bias, limiting confidence in pooled estimates. Conclusions: HMB supplementation combined with RT may yield modest improvements in functional performance, particularly handgrip strength and overall physical function, without statically significant effects in body composition and MQ. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted to confirm its clinical relevance. |
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