Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean

The construction of military edifices in Spanish Caribbean was overseen by engineers, as previous studies have largely shown, but forced labor played a key role in the processes, an understudied aspect. Hundreds of enslaved workers in San Juan de Puerto Rico or San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz, Mexico) an...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor: Luengo Gutiérrez, Pedro
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/157913
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/157913
https://doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:military engineers
enslaved African workers
fortifications
Caribbean
eighteenth century
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spelling Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish CaribbeanLuengo Gutiérrez, Pedromilitary engineersenslaved African workersfortificationsCaribbeaneighteenth centuryThe construction of military edifices in Spanish Caribbean was overseen by engineers, as previous studies have largely shown, but forced labor played a key role in the processes, an understudied aspect. Hundreds of enslaved workers in San Juan de Puerto Rico or San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz, Mexico) and thousands in Havana (Cuba) helped create the built environment of the Spanish empire in the eighteenth century yet both their significant physical presences and housing situations have not been discussed at large. Furthermore, general maintenance of these structures was one of the duties of military engineers serving in Spanish Caribbean and, thus, archival material should be rich in describing this aspect, yet very few plans or reports offer any information concerning enslaved workers’ habitations, apart from Havana’s galeras and some sections of San Juan de Ulúa, both unpublished until now. Recognizing that Spanish authorities paid little attention to the lodgings of their enslaved workers, this paper considers the forms of structures created by enslaved peoples for their lodgings. Through examples discussed in Havana and for San Juan de Ulúa, this study demonstrates that European architectural traditions were eschewed in favor of native and, likely, African customs. These examples offer unique insights into enslaved peoples’ living environments and expand our discussions into how race contributed to the diversity of architectural practices in the early modern Iberian world.PID2021-122170NB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMDPIHistoria del ArteMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España2023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/157913https://doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésArts, 12 (6), 1-15.PID2021-122170NB-I00https://doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1579132026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
title Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
spellingShingle Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
Luengo Gutiérrez, Pedro
military engineers
enslaved African workers
fortifications
Caribbean
eighteenth century
title_short Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
title_full Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
title_fullStr Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
title_full_unstemmed Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
title_sort Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Luengo Gutiérrez, Pedro
author Luengo Gutiérrez, Pedro
author_facet Luengo Gutiérrez, Pedro
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Historia del Arte
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv military engineers
enslaved African workers
fortifications
Caribbean
eighteenth century
topic military engineers
enslaved African workers
fortifications
Caribbean
eighteenth century
description The construction of military edifices in Spanish Caribbean was overseen by engineers, as previous studies have largely shown, but forced labor played a key role in the processes, an understudied aspect. Hundreds of enslaved workers in San Juan de Puerto Rico or San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz, Mexico) and thousands in Havana (Cuba) helped create the built environment of the Spanish empire in the eighteenth century yet both their significant physical presences and housing situations have not been discussed at large. Furthermore, general maintenance of these structures was one of the duties of military engineers serving in Spanish Caribbean and, thus, archival material should be rich in describing this aspect, yet very few plans or reports offer any information concerning enslaved workers’ habitations, apart from Havana’s galeras and some sections of San Juan de Ulúa, both unpublished until now. Recognizing that Spanish authorities paid little attention to the lodgings of their enslaved workers, this paper considers the forms of structures created by enslaved peoples for their lodgings. Through examples discussed in Havana and for San Juan de Ulúa, this study demonstrates that European architectural traditions were eschewed in favor of native and, likely, African customs. These examples offer unique insights into enslaved peoples’ living environments and expand our discussions into how race contributed to the diversity of architectural practices in the early modern Iberian world.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/157913
https://doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/157913
https://doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Arts, 12 (6), 1-15.
PID2021-122170NB-I00
https://doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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