Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Leishmaniosis, caused by phlebotomine sand fly-borne Leishmania spp., is a multi-host and zoonotic disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates, worldwide. Leishmania infantum is the only endemic pathogenic species in Europe, and exposure to this protozoan has previously been reported in...

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Autores: Barbero-Moyano, Jesús, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Gonzálvez, Moisés, Martínez, Remigio, Moreno, Inmaculada, Berriatua, Eduardo, Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta, Paniagua, Jorge, Fernández-Verón, Isabel, Rey-Wamba, María Teresa del, Crespo, Elena, Montoya-Oliver, Ignacio, Salcedo, Javier, Risalde, María Ángeles, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/392400
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392400
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Iberian lynx
Zoonosis
IFAT
QPCR
Leishmaniosis
Risk factor
id ES_7b3e95217f4daebb0b3c7297e1eb2bf1
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/392400
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
spellingShingle Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
Barbero-Moyano, Jesús
Iberian lynx
Zoonosis
IFAT
QPCR
Leishmaniosis
Risk factor
title_short Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_full Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_fullStr Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_sort Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Barbero-Moyano, Jesús
Caballero-Gómez, Javier
Gonzálvez, Moisés
Martínez, Remigio
Moreno, Inmaculada
Berriatua, Eduardo
Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta
Paniagua, Jorge
Fernández-Verón, Isabel
Rey-Wamba, María Teresa del
Crespo, Elena
Montoya-Oliver, Ignacio
Salcedo, Javier
Risalde, María Ángeles
García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
author Barbero-Moyano, Jesús
author_facet Barbero-Moyano, Jesús
Caballero-Gómez, Javier
Gonzálvez, Moisés
Martínez, Remigio
Moreno, Inmaculada
Berriatua, Eduardo
Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta
Paniagua, Jorge
Fernández-Verón, Isabel
Rey-Wamba, María Teresa del
Crespo, Elena
Montoya-Oliver, Ignacio
Salcedo, Javier
Risalde, María Ángeles
García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
author_role author
author2 Caballero-Gómez, Javier
Gonzálvez, Moisés
Martínez, Remigio
Moreno, Inmaculada
Berriatua, Eduardo
Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta
Paniagua, Jorge
Fernández-Verón, Isabel
Rey-Wamba, María Teresa del
Crespo, Elena
Montoya-Oliver, Ignacio
Salcedo, Javier
Risalde, María Ángeles
García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Junta de Andalucía
Universidad de Córdoba (España)
Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Iberian lynx
Zoonosis
IFAT
QPCR
Leishmaniosis
Risk factor
topic Iberian lynx
Zoonosis
IFAT
QPCR
Leishmaniosis
Risk factor
description Leishmaniosis, caused by phlebotomine sand fly-borne Leishmania spp., is a multi-host and zoonotic disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates, worldwide. Leishmania infantum is the only endemic pathogenic species in Europe, and exposure to this protozoan has previously been reported in a wide range of wild mammals, including felids. However, the information about the exposure of the threatened Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) to L. infantum is still very scarce. Consequently, the aims of the present large-scale epidemiological study were: (1) to evaluate the circulation of L. infantum in the free-ranging and captive Iberian lynx populations and (2) to investigate potential risk factors associated with L. infantum exposure during the study period, between 2010 and 2022. A total of 783 Iberian lynxes from captive (n = 296) and free-ranging (n = 487) populations were sampled from different areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Exposure to L. infantum (positive to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in serum and/or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in spleen samples) was detected in 80 of the 783 lynxes, so the estimated prevalence (95 % confidence limits) was 10.2 % (8.1–12.3 %). Specifically, anti-Leishmania antibodies were found in 12 of the 469 lynxes (2.6 %; 1.1–4.0 %) and L. infantum kDNA was detected in 68 of the 333 lynxes (20.4 %; 16.1–24.8 %) with a Ct range from 26.0 to 38.0 (median: 36.0). One seroconversion and one seroreversion were observed among the 42 Iberian lynxes longitudinally sampled. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high homology (99.9–100 %) with other L. infantum sequences obtained from wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) and humans from Spain. The multivariate analysis identified the habitat status (free-ranging) and age (adult and subadult) as risk factors potentially associated with L. infantum exposure in Iberian lynxes. Our results indicate moderate and widespread circulation of this pathogen in the Iberian lynx populations, suggesting its potential role as spillover hosts in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems. Additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical impact of L. infantum exposure in this threatened species.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392400
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392400
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106366
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106366

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)Barbero-Moyano, JesúsCaballero-Gómez, JavierGonzálvez, MoisésMartínez, RemigioMoreno, InmaculadaBerriatua, EduardoSánchez-Sánchez, MartaPaniagua, JorgeFernández-Verón, IsabelRey-Wamba, María Teresa delCrespo, ElenaMontoya-Oliver, IgnacioSalcedo, JavierRisalde, María ÁngelesGarcía-Bocanegra, IgnacioIberian lynxZoonosisIFATQPCRLeishmaniosisRisk factorLeishmaniosis, caused by phlebotomine sand fly-borne Leishmania spp., is a multi-host and zoonotic disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates, worldwide. Leishmania infantum is the only endemic pathogenic species in Europe, and exposure to this protozoan has previously been reported in a wide range of wild mammals, including felids. However, the information about the exposure of the threatened Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) to L. infantum is still very scarce. Consequently, the aims of the present large-scale epidemiological study were: (1) to evaluate the circulation of L. infantum in the free-ranging and captive Iberian lynx populations and (2) to investigate potential risk factors associated with L. infantum exposure during the study period, between 2010 and 2022. A total of 783 Iberian lynxes from captive (n = 296) and free-ranging (n = 487) populations were sampled from different areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Exposure to L. infantum (positive to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in serum and/or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in spleen samples) was detected in 80 of the 783 lynxes, so the estimated prevalence (95 % confidence limits) was 10.2 % (8.1–12.3 %). Specifically, anti-Leishmania antibodies were found in 12 of the 469 lynxes (2.6 %; 1.1–4.0 %) and L. infantum kDNA was detected in 68 of the 333 lynxes (20.4 %; 16.1–24.8 %) with a Ct range from 26.0 to 38.0 (median: 36.0). One seroconversion and one seroreversion were observed among the 42 Iberian lynxes longitudinally sampled. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high homology (99.9–100 %) with other L. infantum sequences obtained from wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) and humans from Spain. The multivariate analysis identified the habitat status (free-ranging) and age (adult and subadult) as risk factors potentially associated with L. infantum exposure in Iberian lynxes. Our results indicate moderate and widespread circulation of this pathogen in the Iberian lynx populations, suggesting its potential role as spillover hosts in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems. Additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical impact of L. infantum exposure in this threatened species.This article is based upon work from project LIFE 19NAT/ES001055 LYNXCONNECT ‘Creating a genetically and demographically functional Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) metapopulation (2020–2025)’ supported by the European Commission. This research was also partially supported by the CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- (CB 2021/13/00083), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU. J. Barbero-Moyano was supported by an FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU20/00180). J. Caballero-Gómez was supported by the CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-(CB21/13/00083), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea-Next Generation EU. M. Gonzálvez was supported by a postdoctoral contract Margarita Salas (University of Murcia) from the Program of Requalification of the Spanish University System (Spanish Ministry of Universities) financed by the European Union-NextGenerationEU. R. Martínez was supported by a postdoctoral contract from the “Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades” of the Regional Government of Andalusia and the University of Córdoba (05yc77b46). M. Sánchez-Sánchez was supported by Investigo Program, funded by European Union (Next Generation EU). We thank all the veterinarians and animal keepers of ex situ and in situ conservation programs involved in the sampling as well as all the members of the CAD centre for their assistance in the collection of samples and epidemiological information. The authors would like to thank Salvador Rejón for their excellent technical support in sample processing and analysis. We also gratefully acknowledge Junta de Andalucía and Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.Peer reviewedElsevierEuropean CommissionInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Junta de AndalucíaUniversidad de Córdoba (España)Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/392400reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésThe underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106366https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106366Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3924002026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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