Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study

Background: Reduced function of ankle muscles usually leads to impaired gait. Motorized ankle foot orthoses (MAFOs) have shown potential to improve neuromuscular control and increase volitional engagement of ankle muscles. In this study, we hypothesize that specific disturbances (adaptive resistance...

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Autores: Asín-Prieto, Guillermo, Oliveira Barroso, F., Martínez-Expósito, Aitor, Urendes, Eloy José, Gonzalez-Vargas, J., Moreno, Juan C.
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/347923
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/347923
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:MAFO
adaptation
electromyography
motorized ankle foot orthosis
robotic devices
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spelling Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation studyAsín-Prieto, GuillermoOliveira Barroso, F.Martínez-Expósito, AitorUrendes, Eloy JoséGonzalez-Vargas, J.Moreno, Juan C.MAFOadaptationelectromyographymotorized ankle foot orthosisrobotic devicesBackground: Reduced function of ankle muscles usually leads to impaired gait. Motorized ankle foot orthoses (MAFOs) have shown potential to improve neuromuscular control and increase volitional engagement of ankle muscles. In this study, we hypothesize that specific disturbances (adaptive resistance-based perturbations to the planned trajectory) applied by a MAFO can be used to adapt the activity of ankle muscles. The first goal of this exploratory study was to test and validate two different ankle disturbances based on plantarflexion and dorsiflexion resistance while training in standing still position. The second goal was to assess neuromuscular adaptation to these approaches, namely, in terms of individual muscle activation and co-activation of antagonists. Methods: Two ankle disturbances were tested in ten healthy subjects. For each subject, the dominant ankle followed a target trajectory while the contralateral leg was standing still: a) dorsiflexion torque during the first part of the trajectory (Stance Correlate disturbance—StC), and b) plantarflexion torque during the second part of the trajectory (Swing Correlate disturbance—SwC). Electromyography was recorded from the tibialis anterior (TAnt) and gastrocnemius medialis (GMed) during MAFO and treadmill (baseline) trials. Results: GMed (plantarflexor muscle) activation decreased in all subjects during the application of StC, indicating that dorsiflexion torque did not enhance GMed activity. On the other hand, TAnt (dorsiflexor muscle) activation increased when SwC was applied, indicating that plantarflexion torque succeeded in enhancing TAnt activation. For each disturbance paradigm, there was no antagonist muscle co-activation accompanying agonist muscle activity changes. Conclusion: We successfully tested novel ankle disturbance approaches that can be explored as potential resistance strategies in MAFO training. Results from SwC training warrant further investigation to promote specific motor recovery and learning of dorsiflexion in neural-impaired patients. This training can potentially be beneficial during intermediate phases of rehabilitation prior to overground exoskeleton-assisted walking. Decreased activation of GMed during StC might be attributed to the unloaded body weight in the ipsilateral side, which typically decreases activation of anti-gravity muscles. Neural adaptation to StC needs to be studied thoroughly in different postures in futures studies.This research has been funded by the Commission of the European Union under the BioMot project–Smart Wearable Robots with Bioinspired Sensory-Motor Skills (Grant Agreement number IFP7-ICT-2013-10-611695), by grant RYC-2014-16613 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the “European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR” under Grant agreement IJC2020-044467-I.Peer reviewedEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420232024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/347923reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//RYC-2014-16613info:eu-repo/grantAgreement///http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1079027Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3479232026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
title Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
spellingShingle Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
Asín-Prieto, Guillermo
MAFO
adaptation
electromyography
motorized ankle foot orthosis
robotic devices
title_short Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
title_full Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
title_fullStr Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
title_sort Mechanical disturbances applied by motorized ankle foot orthosis to adapt ankle muscles activation—A validation study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Asín-Prieto, Guillermo
Oliveira Barroso, F.
Martínez-Expósito, Aitor
Urendes, Eloy José
Gonzalez-Vargas, J.
Moreno, Juan C.
author Asín-Prieto, Guillermo
author_facet Asín-Prieto, Guillermo
Oliveira Barroso, F.
Martínez-Expósito, Aitor
Urendes, Eloy José
Gonzalez-Vargas, J.
Moreno, Juan C.
author_role author
author2 Oliveira Barroso, F.
Martínez-Expósito, Aitor
Urendes, Eloy José
Gonzalez-Vargas, J.
Moreno, Juan C.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv MAFO
adaptation
electromyography
motorized ankle foot orthosis
robotic devices
topic MAFO
adaptation
electromyography
motorized ankle foot orthosis
robotic devices
description Background: Reduced function of ankle muscles usually leads to impaired gait. Motorized ankle foot orthoses (MAFOs) have shown potential to improve neuromuscular control and increase volitional engagement of ankle muscles. In this study, we hypothesize that specific disturbances (adaptive resistance-based perturbations to the planned trajectory) applied by a MAFO can be used to adapt the activity of ankle muscles. The first goal of this exploratory study was to test and validate two different ankle disturbances based on plantarflexion and dorsiflexion resistance while training in standing still position. The second goal was to assess neuromuscular adaptation to these approaches, namely, in terms of individual muscle activation and co-activation of antagonists. Methods: Two ankle disturbances were tested in ten healthy subjects. For each subject, the dominant ankle followed a target trajectory while the contralateral leg was standing still: a) dorsiflexion torque during the first part of the trajectory (Stance Correlate disturbance—StC), and b) plantarflexion torque during the second part of the trajectory (Swing Correlate disturbance—SwC). Electromyography was recorded from the tibialis anterior (TAnt) and gastrocnemius medialis (GMed) during MAFO and treadmill (baseline) trials. Results: GMed (plantarflexor muscle) activation decreased in all subjects during the application of StC, indicating that dorsiflexion torque did not enhance GMed activity. On the other hand, TAnt (dorsiflexor muscle) activation increased when SwC was applied, indicating that plantarflexion torque succeeded in enhancing TAnt activation. For each disturbance paradigm, there was no antagonist muscle co-activation accompanying agonist muscle activity changes. Conclusion: We successfully tested novel ankle disturbance approaches that can be explored as potential resistance strategies in MAFO training. Results from SwC training warrant further investigation to promote specific motor recovery and learning of dorsiflexion in neural-impaired patients. This training can potentially be beneficial during intermediate phases of rehabilitation prior to overground exoskeleton-assisted walking. Decreased activation of GMed during StC might be attributed to the unloaded body weight in the ipsilateral side, which typically decreases activation of anti-gravity muscles. Neural adaptation to StC needs to be studied thoroughly in different postures in futures studies.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/347923
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/347923
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//RYC-2014-16613
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement///
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1079027
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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