Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling

[EN] Polymers such as PLA, PLA reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA + CF), and PETG are widely employed in utensils, structural components, and biomedical device housings where load bearing capability and chemical resistance are desirable. This is particularly relevant for reusable applications in whic...

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Autores: Fuentes, Jorge Mauricio, Cadena, Homero, Remache, Abel, Flor-Unda, Omar, Sarria, Santiago, Delgado, Jonathan, Bonilla, Pablo, Ferrándiz Bou, Santiago|||0000-0001-7137-9298
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositorio:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/230156
Acceso en línea:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230156
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Polymer sterilization
Hydrogen peroxide
Ethylene oxide
3D printing
PLA
PLAFC
PETG
3D FDM
12.- Garantizar las pautas de consumo y de producción sostenibles
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spelling Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition ModelingFuentes, Jorge MauricioCadena, HomeroRemache, AbelFlor-Unda, OmarSarria, SantiagoDelgado, JonathanBonilla, PabloFerrándiz Bou, Santiago|||0000-0001-7137-9298Polymer sterilizationHydrogen peroxideEthylene oxide3D printingPLAPLAFCPETG3D FDM12.- Garantizar las pautas de consumo y de producción sostenibles[EN] Polymers such as PLA, PLA reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA + CF), and PETG are widely employed in utensils, structural components, and biomedical device housings where load bearing capability and chemical resistance are desirable. This is particularly relevant for reusable applications in which sterilization with hydrogen peroxide (HP) or ethylene oxide (EO) is often required. In this study, the impact of HP and EO sterilization processes on the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of PLA, PLA + CF, and PETG was evaluated.The mechanical properties assessed included elongation at break, elastic modulus, and tensile strength after sterilization. The thermal properties examined comprised thermal stability and the coefficient of expansion (CTE). Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to detect potential alterations in functional groups. For PLA, sterilization with HP and EO resulted in a 22% increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and a 21% increase in elastic modulus, accompanied by a noticeable reduction in ductility and the appearance of more brittle fracture surfaces. PLA + CF exhibited greater stability under both sterilization methods due to the reinforcing effect of carbon fibers. In the case of PETG, tensile strength and stiffness remained stable; however,HP sterilization led to a remarkable increase in elongation at break (294%), whereas EO sterilization reduced it. Regarding thermal properties, glass transition temperature (Tg) showed variations: PLA presented either an increase or decrease in Tg depending on the sterilization treatment, PLA + CF displayed a Tg reduction after EO sterilization, while PETG exhibited a moderate Tg increase under HP sterilization. CTE decreased at lower temperatures but increased after EO treatment. FTIR analysis revealed only minor chemical modifications induced by sterilization. Overall, HP and EO sterilization can be safely applied to additively manufactured medical components based on these polymers, provided that the structures are not subjected to high mechanical loads and do not require strict dimensional tolerances.This research was funded by the Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Central del Ecuador (grant DI-CONV-017-2022).MDPI AGDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Tecnología de los Materiales de la UPVEscuela Politécnica Superior de AlcoyUniversidad Central del EcuadorRepositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet20252025-10-27journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230156reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valénciainstname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)InglésengUniversidad Central del Ecuador UCE DI-CONV-017-2022open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Reconocimiento (by)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:riunet.upv.es:10251/2301562026-06-13T07:49:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
title Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
spellingShingle Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
Fuentes, Jorge Mauricio
Polymer sterilization
Hydrogen peroxide
Ethylene oxide
3D printing
PLA
PLAFC
PETG
3D FDM
12.- Garantizar las pautas de consumo y de producción sostenibles
title_short Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
title_full Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
title_fullStr Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
title_sort Effects of Sterilization Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethylene Oxide on Commercial 3D-Printed PLA, PLA-FC, and PETG by Fused Deposition Modeling
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fuentes, Jorge Mauricio
Cadena, Homero
Remache, Abel
Flor-Unda, Omar
Sarria, Santiago
Delgado, Jonathan
Bonilla, Pablo
Ferrándiz Bou, Santiago|||0000-0001-7137-9298
author Fuentes, Jorge Mauricio
author_facet Fuentes, Jorge Mauricio
Cadena, Homero
Remache, Abel
Flor-Unda, Omar
Sarria, Santiago
Delgado, Jonathan
Bonilla, Pablo
Ferrándiz Bou, Santiago|||0000-0001-7137-9298
author_role author
author2 Cadena, Homero
Remache, Abel
Flor-Unda, Omar
Sarria, Santiago
Delgado, Jonathan
Bonilla, Pablo
Ferrándiz Bou, Santiago|||0000-0001-7137-9298
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Materiales
 Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Tecnología de los Materiales de la UPV
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy
Universidad Central del Ecuador
Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Polymer sterilization
Hydrogen peroxide
Ethylene oxide
3D printing
PLA
PLAFC
PETG
3D FDM
12.- Garantizar las pautas de consumo y de producción sostenibles
topic Polymer sterilization
Hydrogen peroxide
Ethylene oxide
3D printing
PLA
PLAFC
PETG
3D FDM
12.- Garantizar las pautas de consumo y de producción sostenibles
description [EN] Polymers such as PLA, PLA reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA + CF), and PETG are widely employed in utensils, structural components, and biomedical device housings where load bearing capability and chemical resistance are desirable. This is particularly relevant for reusable applications in which sterilization with hydrogen peroxide (HP) or ethylene oxide (EO) is often required. In this study, the impact of HP and EO sterilization processes on the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of PLA, PLA + CF, and PETG was evaluated.The mechanical properties assessed included elongation at break, elastic modulus, and tensile strength after sterilization. The thermal properties examined comprised thermal stability and the coefficient of expansion (CTE). Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to detect potential alterations in functional groups. For PLA, sterilization with HP and EO resulted in a 22% increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and a 21% increase in elastic modulus, accompanied by a noticeable reduction in ductility and the appearance of more brittle fracture surfaces. PLA + CF exhibited greater stability under both sterilization methods due to the reinforcing effect of carbon fibers. In the case of PETG, tensile strength and stiffness remained stable; however,HP sterilization led to a remarkable increase in elongation at break (294%), whereas EO sterilization reduced it. Regarding thermal properties, glass transition temperature (Tg) showed variations: PLA presented either an increase or decrease in Tg depending on the sterilization treatment, PLA + CF displayed a Tg reduction after EO sterilization, while PETG exhibited a moderate Tg increase under HP sterilization. CTE decreased at lower temperatures but increased after EO treatment. FTIR analysis revealed only minor chemical modifications induced by sterilization. Overall, HP and EO sterilization can be safely applied to additively manufactured medical components based on these polymers, provided that the structures are not subjected to high mechanical loads and do not require strict dimensional tolerances.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-10-27
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230156
url https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/230156
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Central del Ecuador UCE DI-CONV-017-2022
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento (by)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento (by)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
reponame_str RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
collection RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,198674

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