Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC
Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark–gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the sp...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| Repositorio: | UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/34238 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10902/34238 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | CMS Quark–gluon plasma Speed of sound Ultra-central QCD equation of state |
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España |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| title |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| spellingShingle |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC Hayrapetyan, A. CMS Quark–gluon plasma Speed of sound Ultra-central QCD equation of state |
| title_short |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| title_full |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| title_fullStr |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| title_sort |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Hayrapetyan, A. Bhowmik, Sandeep Blanco Fernández, Sergio Brochero Cifuentes, Javier Andrés|||0000-0003-2093-7856 Cabrillo Bartolomé, José Ibán Calderón Tazón, Alicia|||0000-0002-7205-2040 Duarte Campderros, Jorge|||0000-0003-0687-5214 Fernández García, Marcos|||0000-0002-4824-1087 Gómez Gramuglio, Gervasio|||0000-0002-1077-6553 Lasaosa García, Clara Martínez Rivero, Celso Martínez Ruiz del Árbol, Pablo|||0000-0002-7737-5121 Matorras Weinig, Francisco|||0000-0003-4295-5668 Matorras Cuevas, Pablo|||0000-0001-7481-7273 Navarrete Ramos, Efrén|||0000-0002-5180-4020 Piedra Gómez, Jonatan|||0000-0002-9157-1700 Scodellaro, Luca|||0000-0002-4974-8330 Vila Álvarez, Iván|||0000-0002-6797-7209 Vizán García, Jesús Manuel|||0000-0002-6823-8854 |
| author |
Hayrapetyan, A. |
| author_facet |
Hayrapetyan, A. Bhowmik, Sandeep Blanco Fernández, Sergio Brochero Cifuentes, Javier Andrés|||0000-0003-2093-7856 Cabrillo Bartolomé, José Ibán Calderón Tazón, Alicia|||0000-0002-7205-2040 Duarte Campderros, Jorge|||0000-0003-0687-5214 Fernández García, Marcos|||0000-0002-4824-1087 Gómez Gramuglio, Gervasio|||0000-0002-1077-6553 Lasaosa García, Clara Martínez Rivero, Celso Martínez Ruiz del Árbol, Pablo|||0000-0002-7737-5121 Matorras Weinig, Francisco|||0000-0003-4295-5668 Matorras Cuevas, Pablo|||0000-0001-7481-7273 Navarrete Ramos, Efrén|||0000-0002-5180-4020 Piedra Gómez, Jonatan|||0000-0002-9157-1700 Scodellaro, Luca|||0000-0002-4974-8330 Vila Álvarez, Iván|||0000-0002-6797-7209 Vizán García, Jesús Manuel|||0000-0002-6823-8854 |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Bhowmik, Sandeep Blanco Fernández, Sergio Brochero Cifuentes, Javier Andrés|||0000-0003-2093-7856 Cabrillo Bartolomé, José Ibán Calderón Tazón, Alicia|||0000-0002-7205-2040 Duarte Campderros, Jorge|||0000-0003-0687-5214 Fernández García, Marcos|||0000-0002-4824-1087 Gómez Gramuglio, Gervasio|||0000-0002-1077-6553 Lasaosa García, Clara Martínez Rivero, Celso Martínez Ruiz del Árbol, Pablo|||0000-0002-7737-5121 Matorras Weinig, Francisco|||0000-0003-4295-5668 Matorras Cuevas, Pablo|||0000-0001-7481-7273 Navarrete Ramos, Efrén|||0000-0002-5180-4020 Piedra Gómez, Jonatan|||0000-0002-9157-1700 Scodellaro, Luca|||0000-0002-4974-8330 Vila Álvarez, Iván|||0000-0002-6797-7209 Vizán García, Jesús Manuel|||0000-0002-6823-8854 |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de Cantabria |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
CMS Quark–gluon plasma Speed of sound Ultra-central QCD equation of state |
| topic |
CMS Quark–gluon plasma Speed of sound Ultra-central QCD equation of state |
| description |
Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark–gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark–gluon plasma using lead–lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−¹. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ± 0.002(stat) ± 0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ± 8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 2024-07-01 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 NA http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43 |
| dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| format |
article |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10902/34238 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10902/34238 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Institute of Physics Publishing |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Institute of Physics Publishing |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Reports on Progress in Physics, 2024, 87(7), 077801 reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| instname_str |
Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| reponame_str |
UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
| collection |
UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
|
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
| _version_ |
1869411438617952256 |
| spelling |
Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHCHayrapetyan, A.Bhowmik, SandeepBlanco Fernández, SergioBrochero Cifuentes, Javier Andrés|||0000-0003-2093-7856 Cabrillo Bartolomé, José IbánCalderón Tazón, Alicia|||0000-0002-7205-2040Duarte Campderros, Jorge|||0000-0003-0687-5214Fernández García, Marcos|||0000-0002-4824-1087Gómez Gramuglio, Gervasio|||0000-0002-1077-6553Lasaosa García, ClaraMartínez Rivero, CelsoMartínez Ruiz del Árbol, Pablo|||0000-0002-7737-5121Matorras Weinig, Francisco|||0000-0003-4295-5668Matorras Cuevas, Pablo|||0000-0001-7481-7273Navarrete Ramos, Efrén|||0000-0002-5180-4020Piedra Gómez, Jonatan|||0000-0002-9157-1700Scodellaro, Luca|||0000-0002-4974-8330Vila Álvarez, Iván|||0000-0002-6797-7209Vizán García, Jesús Manuel|||0000-0002-6823-8854CMSQuark–gluon plasmaSpeed of soundUltra-centralQCD equation of stateUltrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark–gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark–gluon plasma using lead–lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−¹. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ± 0.002(stat) ± 0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ± 8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions.Individuals have received support from the MarieCurie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the ‘Excellence of Science—EOS’ – be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2121 ‘Quantum Universe’—390833306, and under Project Number 400140256—GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program—UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020- 2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC—National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by the Next GenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, Project No. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, Contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF ‘a way of making Europe’, and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, Grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, Grant B37G660013 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).Institute of Physics PublishingUniversidad de Cantabria20242024-07-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/34238Reports on Progress in Physics, 2024, 87(7), 077801reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/342382026-06-02T12:39:31Z |
| score |
15.81155 |