Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at

A gaze is a complex stimulus that provides valuable social information during human interactions. It shares the ability to orient attention with other nonsocial stimuli, such as arrows, but, still, gaze generates unique effects. A clear example was found using a spatial interference task (Marotta et...

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Autores: Aranda-Martín, Belén, Ballesteros-Duperón, María Ángeles, Lupiáñez, Juan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/274318
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/274318
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Eye-gaze
Arrows
Social attention
Attentional orienting
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spelling Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking atAranda-Martín, BelénBallesteros-Duperón, María ÁngelesLupiáñez, JuanEye-gazeArrowsSocial attentionAttentional orientingA gaze is a complex stimulus that provides valuable social information during human interactions. It shares the ability to orient attention with other nonsocial stimuli, such as arrows, but, still, gaze generates unique effects. A clear example was found using a spatial interference task (Marotta et al, 2018). Participants had to identify the direction—left or right—indicated by arrows or eyes located either on the right or left side. Arrows, like other nonsocial stimuli, elicited a standard congruency effect, with faster responses to congruent location-direction trials than to incongruent ones. In contrast, gaze produced a reversed effect with faster responses to incongruent than to congruent trials. Socio-cognitive components of gaze processing could underlie this dissociation. Similar to a joint attention episode in everyday life, gaze would direct attention to a potentially relevant item. In congruent trials (i.e., left-located eyes looking to the left), gaze would orient attention outward, causing a slower response compared to incongruent trials where gaze would look to the central fixation point. With this study, we aimed at better understanding the underlying mechanisms of the reversed congruency effect of gaze by modifying the task—adding a bicolor frame—and its instructions. One group of 25 adults performed the task by identifying stimuli direction, as in previous studies. Another group had to identify the color to which stimuli were directed. We expected to find analogous congruency effects for arrows and gaze in the latter group since both stimuli would direct attention to color and held at this location, preventing gaze from seeking a potential attentional target during congruent trials. Although we found a reduced gaze effect, overall results were similar in both groups so the manipulation of instructions did not have the anticipated effect. The limitations of the study and the need for further investigations were discussed.Peer reviewed442DIGITAL.CSICAranda-Martín, Belén [0000-0002-0614-7594]Ballesteros-Duperón, María Ángeles [0000-0003-0989-7435]Lupiáñez, Juan [0000-0001-6157-9894]202220222023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaperhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/274318reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/15274Nohttps://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/280577https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/281770https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/289035info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2743182026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
title Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
spellingShingle Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
Aranda-Martín, Belén
Eye-gaze
Arrows
Social attention
Attentional orienting
title_short Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
title_full Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
title_fullStr Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
title_full_unstemmed Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
title_sort Attentional differences between gaze and arrows processing: where vs what are eyes looking at
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Aranda-Martín, Belén
Ballesteros-Duperón, María Ángeles
Lupiáñez, Juan
author Aranda-Martín, Belén
author_facet Aranda-Martín, Belén
Ballesteros-Duperón, María Ángeles
Lupiáñez, Juan
author_role author
author2 Ballesteros-Duperón, María Ángeles
Lupiáñez, Juan
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Aranda-Martín, Belén [0000-0002-0614-7594]
Ballesteros-Duperón, María Ángeles [0000-0003-0989-7435]
Lupiáñez, Juan [0000-0001-6157-9894]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Eye-gaze
Arrows
Social attention
Attentional orienting
topic Eye-gaze
Arrows
Social attention
Attentional orienting
description A gaze is a complex stimulus that provides valuable social information during human interactions. It shares the ability to orient attention with other nonsocial stimuli, such as arrows, but, still, gaze generates unique effects. A clear example was found using a spatial interference task (Marotta et al, 2018). Participants had to identify the direction—left or right—indicated by arrows or eyes located either on the right or left side. Arrows, like other nonsocial stimuli, elicited a standard congruency effect, with faster responses to congruent location-direction trials than to incongruent ones. In contrast, gaze produced a reversed effect with faster responses to incongruent than to congruent trials. Socio-cognitive components of gaze processing could underlie this dissociation. Similar to a joint attention episode in everyday life, gaze would direct attention to a potentially relevant item. In congruent trials (i.e., left-located eyes looking to the left), gaze would orient attention outward, causing a slower response compared to incongruent trials where gaze would look to the central fixation point. With this study, we aimed at better understanding the underlying mechanisms of the reversed congruency effect of gaze by modifying the task—adding a bicolor frame—and its instructions. One group of 25 adults performed the task by identifying stimuli direction, as in previous studies. Another group had to identify the color to which stimuli were directed. We expected to find analogous congruency effects for arrows and gaze in the latter group since both stimuli would direct attention to color and held at this location, preventing gaze from seeking a potential attentional target during congruent trials. Although we found a reduced gaze effect, overall results were similar in both groups so the manipulation of instructions did not have the anticipated effect. The limitations of the study and the need for further investigations were discussed.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/274318
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/274318
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/15274
No
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/280577
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/281770
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/289035
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv DIGITAL.CSIC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv DIGITAL.CSIC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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