Artificial intelligence in medical device software and high-risk medical devices: a review of definitions, expert recommendations and regulatory initiatives

Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses a wide range of algorithms with risks when used to support decisions about diagnosis or treatment, so professional and regulatory bodies are recommending how they should be managed. Areas covered. AI systems may qualify as standalone medical dev...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fraser, Alan G., Biasin, Elisabetta, Bijnens, Bart, Bruining, Nico, Caiani, Enrico G., Cobbaert, Koen, Davies, Rhodri H., Gilbert, Stephen H., Hovestadt, Leo, Kamenjasevic, Erik, Kwade, Zuzanna, McGauran, Gearóid, O’Connor, Gearóid, Vasey, Baptiste, Rademakers, Frank E.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/70215
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2023.2184685
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Medical devices
Professional consensus recommendations
Standards regulations
EU medical device regulation
Artificial intelligence
Evidence-based medicine
Machine learning
Descripción
Sumario:Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses a wide range of algorithms with risks when used to support decisions about diagnosis or treatment, so professional and regulatory bodies are recommending how they should be managed. Areas covered. AI systems may qualify as standalone medical device software (MDSW) or be embedded within a medical device. Within the European Union (EU) AI software must undergo a conformity assessment procedure to be approved as a medical device. The draft EU Regulation on AI proposes rules that will apply across industry sectors, while for devices the Medical Device Regulation also applies. In the CORE-MD project (Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices), we have surveyed definitions and summarize initiatives made by professional consensus groups, regulators, and standardization bodies. Expert opinion. The level of clinical evidence required should be determined according to each application and to legal and methodological factors that contribute to risk, including accountability, transparency, and interpretability. EU guidance for MDSW based on international recommendations does not yet describe the clinical evidence needed for medical AI software. Regulators, notified bodies, manufacturers, clinicians and patients would all benefit from common standards for the clinical evaluation of high-risk AI applications and transparency of their evidence and performance.