Sustained HIV remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with wild-type CCR5 donor cells

HIV cure has been reported for five individuals who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with cells from CCR5Δ32 homozygous donors. By contrast, viral rebound has occurred in other people living with HIV who interrupted antiretroviral treatment after undergoing al...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Sáez-Cirión, Asier|||0000-0003-2406-7536, Mamez, Anne-Claire, Avettand-Fenoel, Véronique|||0000-0002-7022-2990, Nabergoj, Mitja|||0000-0003-2842-3198, Passaes, Caroline|||0000-0002-0813-2521, Thoueille, Paul|||0000-0002-2305-4277, Decosterd, Laurent|||0000-0002-9840-1325, Hentzien, Maxime|||0000-0003-2729-9420, Perdomo-Celis, Federico|||0000-0003-0119-8306, Salgado, Maria|||0000-0003-1551-7216, Nijhuis, Monique|||0000-0001-6610-8282, Mélard, Adeline|||0000-0003-1207-0201, Gardiennet, Elise|||0000-0003-4654-142X, Lorin, Valerie|||0000-0003-1760-1585, Monceaux, Valérie|||0000-0002-8599-2146, Chapel, Anaïs, Gourvès, Maël, Lechartier, Marine, Mouquet, Hugo, Wensing, Annemarie|||0000-0003-3790-8891, Martínez Picado, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-4916-2129, Yerly, Sabine|||0000-0003-1668-696X, Rougemont, Mathieu, Calmy, Alexandra|||0000-0002-1137-6826
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:309355
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/309355
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03277-z
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Adult
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Graft vs Host Disease
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
HIV Infections
HIV-1
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Receptors, CCR5
Remission Induction
Tissue Donors
Transplantation, Homologous
Viral Load
Descripción
Sumario:HIV cure has been reported for five individuals who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with cells from CCR5Δ32 homozygous donors. By contrast, viral rebound has occurred in other people living with HIV who interrupted antiretroviral treatment after undergoing allo-HSCT, with cells mostly from wild-type CCR5 donors. Here we report the case of a male individual who has achieved durable HIV remission following allo-HSCT with cells from an unrelated HLA-matched (9 of 10 matching for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles) wild-type CCR5 donor to treat an extramedullary myeloid tumor. To date, plasma viral load has remained undetectable for 32 months after the interruption of antiretroviral treatment. Treatment with ruxolitinib has been maintained during this period to treat chronic graft-versus-host disease. Low levels of proviral DNA were detected sporadically after allo-HSCT, including defective but not intact HIV DNA. No virus could be amplified in cultures of CD4 T cells obtained after antiretroviral treatment interruption, while CD4 T cells remained susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro. Declines in HIV antibodies and undetectable HIV-specific T cell responses further corroborate the absence of viral rebound after antiretroviral treatment interruption. These results suggest that HIV remission could be achieved in the context of allo-HSCT with wild-type CCR5.

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