ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)

Aiming to improve the conservation status of the European seas, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was adopted in 2008, establishing a general framework for all EU countries in the field of marine environmental policy. The MSFD enforces all Member States to adopt an adaptive management s...

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Autor: Domínguez Carrió, Carlos
Formato: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Recursos:CBUC, CESCA
Repositorio:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
OAI Identifier:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/663093
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663093
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Ecologia marina
Ecología marina
Marine ecology
Creus, Cap de (Catalunya)
Creus, Cap de (Cataluña)
Creus, Cape (Catalonia)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
title ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
spellingShingle ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
Domínguez Carrió, Carlos
Ecologia marina
Ecología marina
Marine ecology
Creus, Cap de (Catalunya)
Creus, Cap de (Cataluña)
Creus, Cape (Catalonia)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
title_short ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
title_full ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
title_fullStr ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
title_full_unstemmed ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
title_sort ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Domínguez Carrió, Carlos
author Domínguez Carrió, Carlos
author_facet Domínguez Carrió, Carlos
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Gili, Josep Maria, 1953-
Riera, Joan Lluís
Riera, Joan Lluís
Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ecologia marina
Ecología marina
Marine ecology
Creus, Cap de (Catalunya)
Creus, Cap de (Cataluña)
Creus, Cape (Catalonia)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
topic Ecologia marina
Ecología marina
Marine ecology
Creus, Cap de (Catalunya)
Creus, Cap de (Cataluña)
Creus, Cape (Catalonia)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
description Aiming to improve the conservation status of the European seas, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was adopted in 2008, establishing a general framework for all EU countries in the field of marine environmental policy. The MSFD enforces all Member States to adopt an adaptive management strategy in their territorial waters grounded on (1) an ecosystem-based approach, (2) the creation and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as essential tools to reach a (3) previously designed Good Environmental Status (GES), to which they must evolve as the result of (4) policy measures that would only be enforced after the launching of a (5) monitoring program based on (6) previously selected indicators/parameters. In the case of the Spanish State, the MSFD was legally transposed as a state law in year 2010, leading to the designation of 10 new offshore MPAs. One of these 10 areas, evaluated under the framework of the Life+ Indemares project, sets the spatial limits of this PhD thesis: the offshore area of Cap de Creus. This thesis begins by evaluating the structure of the megabenthic invertebrate assemblages present on the continental shelf and submarine canyon based on 60 underwater video transects performed by a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and a manned submersible. 9 different assemblages were identified: (A) shelf assemblage with Eunicella cavolini; (B) soft-bottom shelf assemblage with pennatulaceans; (C) soft-bottom assemblage with Sabella pavonina; (D) sandy bottom shelf assemblage with Leptometra phalangium; (E) deep shelf and shelf-break assemblage with Lanice conchilega; (F) cold-water coral assemblage with Madrepora oculata; (G) ‘Roche du large’ assemblage with sponges; (H) slope assemblage with Cerianthus membranaceus; and (I) aggregation of the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Depth, current speed and substrate type were identified as the main factors determining the spatial patterns observed at the scale of the study area, although fishing intensity played a predominant role in the soft-bottom areas of the shelf, where fishing is known to occur. This information was used to elaborate predictive distribution maps of benthic assemblages using the algorithm Random Forest. Increasing levels of bottom trawling intensity had a negative impact on species richness, diversity, and also on the structure of the community dwelling on the continental shelf. Based on the response of key megafauna species to increasing levels of fishing effort, 4 species were chosen as indicators for a monitoring program. A detailed monitoring protocol together with quantitative baseline data is provided in order to assess the future evolution of the benthic ecosystem once management measures are put in practice. The proposed protocol extensively describes the sampling methodology to be applied at sea, the video analysis, the processing of the data and the interpretation of the results. Two fish assemblages were identified in the video images: (A) shelf assemblage with highly-mobile small-sized fishes (Trisopterus spp., Serranus cabrilla, triglidae and Scorpaena species) and (B) canyon assemblage with less mobile and larger fishes (Helycolenus dactylopterus, Lepidopus caudatus, Conger conger and Phycis phycis). The low number of fishes identified in the ROV footage made us very pessimistic with their use in the monitoring protocol as indicators of fishing activity. Finally, this thesis provides the amount of marine litter accumulated on the seafloor of the study area. The results of this PhD thesis have to be considered an attempt to simplify the implementation of the MSFD in offshore areas by providing the necessary tools to implement an ecosystem-based approach to management using imaging techniques, which should lead to a continuous monitoring of the benthic ecosystem, as demanded by the MSFD.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2018
2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663093
url http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663093
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 345 p.
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat de Barcelona
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat de Barcelona
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
instname:CBUC, CESCA
instname_str CBUC, CESCA
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spelling ROV-based ecological study and management proposals for the offshore marine protected area of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)Domínguez Carrió, CarlosEcologia marinaEcología marinaMarine ecologyCreus, Cap de (Catalunya)Creus, Cap de (Cataluña)Creus, Cape (Catalonia)Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques59Aiming to improve the conservation status of the European seas, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was adopted in 2008, establishing a general framework for all EU countries in the field of marine environmental policy. The MSFD enforces all Member States to adopt an adaptive management strategy in their territorial waters grounded on (1) an ecosystem-based approach, (2) the creation and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as essential tools to reach a (3) previously designed Good Environmental Status (GES), to which they must evolve as the result of (4) policy measures that would only be enforced after the launching of a (5) monitoring program based on (6) previously selected indicators/parameters. In the case of the Spanish State, the MSFD was legally transposed as a state law in year 2010, leading to the designation of 10 new offshore MPAs. One of these 10 areas, evaluated under the framework of the Life+ Indemares project, sets the spatial limits of this PhD thesis: the offshore area of Cap de Creus. This thesis begins by evaluating the structure of the megabenthic invertebrate assemblages present on the continental shelf and submarine canyon based on 60 underwater video transects performed by a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and a manned submersible. 9 different assemblages were identified: (A) shelf assemblage with Eunicella cavolini; (B) soft-bottom shelf assemblage with pennatulaceans; (C) soft-bottom assemblage with Sabella pavonina; (D) sandy bottom shelf assemblage with Leptometra phalangium; (E) deep shelf and shelf-break assemblage with Lanice conchilega; (F) cold-water coral assemblage with Madrepora oculata; (G) ‘Roche du large’ assemblage with sponges; (H) slope assemblage with Cerianthus membranaceus; and (I) aggregation of the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Depth, current speed and substrate type were identified as the main factors determining the spatial patterns observed at the scale of the study area, although fishing intensity played a predominant role in the soft-bottom areas of the shelf, where fishing is known to occur. This information was used to elaborate predictive distribution maps of benthic assemblages using the algorithm Random Forest. Increasing levels of bottom trawling intensity had a negative impact on species richness, diversity, and also on the structure of the community dwelling on the continental shelf. Based on the response of key megafauna species to increasing levels of fishing effort, 4 species were chosen as indicators for a monitoring program. A detailed monitoring protocol together with quantitative baseline data is provided in order to assess the future evolution of the benthic ecosystem once management measures are put in practice. The proposed protocol extensively describes the sampling methodology to be applied at sea, the video analysis, the processing of the data and the interpretation of the results. Two fish assemblages were identified in the video images: (A) shelf assemblage with highly-mobile small-sized fishes (Trisopterus spp., Serranus cabrilla, triglidae and Scorpaena species) and (B) canyon assemblage with less mobile and larger fishes (Helycolenus dactylopterus, Lepidopus caudatus, Conger conger and Phycis phycis). The low number of fishes identified in the ROV footage made us very pessimistic with their use in the monitoring protocol as indicators of fishing activity. Finally, this thesis provides the amount of marine litter accumulated on the seafloor of the study area. The results of this PhD thesis have to be considered an attempt to simplify the implementation of the MSFD in offshore areas by providing the necessary tools to implement an ecosystem-based approach to management using imaging techniques, which should lead to a continuous monitoring of the benthic ecosystem, as demanded by the MSFD.Amb l'objectiu de millorar l'estat de conservació dels mars europeus, es va adoptar la Directiva Marc de l'Estratègia Marina (MSFD) l'any 2008, que estableix un marc general per a tots els països de la UE en l'àmbit de la política ambiental marina. La MSFD demana a tots els Estats Membres que adoptin una estratègia de gestió adaptativa en les seves aigües territorials basada en (1) una gestió ecosistèmica, (2) la creació i gestió d'àrees marines protegides (AMP) com a eines imprescindibles per assolir un (3) un bon estat ambiental, al qual han d'evolucionar com a resultat de (4) mesures de gestió que només s'aplicaran després de la posada en marxa d'un (5) programa de seguiment basat en (6) indicadors seleccionats prèviament. En el cas de l'Estat espanyol, la MSFD es va transposar jurídicament com una llei estatal l'any 2010, conduint cap a la designació de 10 noves AMP mar endins. Una d'aquestes 10 àrees, avaluada en el marc del projecte Life+ Indemares, estableix els límits territorials d'aquesta tesi doctoral: l'àrea marina del Cap de Creus. Aquesta tesi comença avaluant l'estructura de les comunitats de fauna invertebrada presents a la plataforma continental i el canó submarí en base a 60 transectes de vídeo submarins. Les imatges van permetre identificar fins a 167 espècies, que formen un total de 9 comunitats bentòniques diferents. La fondària, la velocitat de la corrent i el tipus de substrat es van identificar com els factors principals que determinen els patrons espacials observats a l'escala de l'àrea d'estudi, tot i que la intensitat de la pesca juga un paper preponderant en les zones de fons tou de la plataforma. Aquesta informació es va utilitzar per elaborar mapes de distribució predictius de comunitats usant l'algoritme Random Forest. Altes intensitats de pesca d'arrossegament tenen un impacte negatiu en la riquesa, la diversitat i també en l'estructura de les comunitats a la plataforma continental. A partir de la resposta a nivells creixents d'esforç pesquer de diferents espècies clau de la megafauna, es van triar 4 espècies com a indicadors per a un programa de seguiment. La tesi proporciona un protocol de seguiment detallat, conjuntament amb dades de base quantitatives, per així poder avaluar l'evolució futura de l'ecosistema bentònic una vegada que es posin en pràctica les mesures de gestió. El protocol proposat descriu la metodologia de mostreig que s'ha d'emprar al mar, l'anàlisi de les imatges de vídeo, el tractament de les dades i la interpretació dels resultats. Es van identificar també dues comunitats de peixos a les imatges de vídeo, però el reduït nombre d’individus que s’observen ens fa ser molt pessimistes amb el seu ús com a indicadors de l'activitat pesquera en el protocol de seguiment. Finalment, aquesta tesi proporciona també la quantitat d'escombraries marines acumulades al fons marí de l'àrea d'estudi.Universitat de BarcelonaGili, Josep Maria, 1953-Riera, Joan LluísRiera, Joan LluísUniversitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia201820192018info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion345 p.application/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10803/663093TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Redinstname:CBUC, CESCAInglésADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:www.tdx.cat:10803/6630932026-06-14T12:46:07Z
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